organization of the body Flashcards
define anatomy
structure of the body
define physiology
body function and how body parts work
define pathophysiology
study of the process that disturb normal function
and disease functioning
what are the 6 level of organization of the body
chemical level
cell
tissue
organ
organ system
organism
name the characteristics of life:
specific interrelationship among parts of an organism and how those part interact to perform specific function
organization
name the characteristics of life:
all chemical reaction takes place in an organism/ cells
metabolism
name the characteristics of life:
ability of the organism to sense changes in its external or internal environment and adjust to the changes
responsiveness
name the characteristics of life:
increase in size or the number of cells
it produces enlargement of all part of an organism
growth
name the characteristics of life:
undergoes through time
beginning with fertilization and ends at death
development
name the characteristics of life:
formation of new cells/ new organism
reproduction
integumentary system consists of
skin
nails
hair
sweat glands
what is the largest and heaviest organ in the body
skin
in integumentary system, what is the function of the hair
to keep the body warm
what is the purpose of eyelashes
protects eyes from dirt and water
what are the 3 layers of the skin
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
what is the function of hypodermis
it insulates your body and
protect it from harm
what is the function of the skin
provides protection
regulates body temp
prevent water loss
helps produce vitamin D
which system helps in producing vitamin D
integumentary system
skeletal system consists of
bones
cartilage
ligaments
joints
what are the functions of skeletal system
provides protection and support
allow body movement
produce blood cells
stores minerals and fats
which skeletal absorbs shock
cartilage
what bone produces blood cells
bone marrow
muscular system consists of
cardiac
skeletal
smooth
what are the functions of muscular system
produce body movements
maintains posture
produce body heat
lymphatic system consists of
lymph nodes
lymph
spleen
lymphatic vessels
thymus
which part in the lymphatic system that kills bacteria that enters from mouth or nose
tonsils
Where does T-cell production take place in the lymphatic system
thymus
what are the functions of the lymphatic system
removes foreign substances from blood and lymph
combats disease
maintains tissue fluid balance
absorbs fats from the digestive tract
respiratory consists of
nose
pharynx
larynx
bronchi
trachea
lung
larynx is the…
voice box
pharynx is also known as the
throat
the pharynx serves as…
air passage
the trachea is also known as the
windpipe
what is responsible for directing air from left to right lungs
bronchi
functions of respiratory system
exchange carbon dioxide and water
regulates body temperature
urinary system consists of
kidney
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra
function of urinary system
removes waste products
regulates blood ph, ion and water balance
what are the system that regulates blood ph
urinary system
respiratory system
what are the 2 major regulatory system
nervous system
endocrine system
nervous system consists of
brain
nerves
spinal chord
sense organs
functions of nervous system
detects sensation
controls movement, physiological process and
intellectual functions
which nerve collects nerve at the end of the spinal chord
cauda equina
what organ composes of nerve cells that can carry messages between your body and brain
spinal chord
endocrine system consists of
pituitary glands
pancreas
parathyroid
adrenals
thyroid
ovaries and testes
functions of endocrine system
influences metabolism, growth and reproduction
in endocrine system, what is responsible for the secretion of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticord and sex hormones
ardenals
name the mineralocorticoid that is responsible for water regulation
aldosterone
name the glucocorticord i responsible for the increase in glucose in the body
cortisol
what is the function of parathyroids in the endocrine system
releases parathyroid hormone (PTH)
circulatory and cardiovascular system consists of
heart
veins
arteries
capillaries
function of circulatory and cardiovascular system
transport nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones
digestive system consist of
stomach
esophagus
mouth
pancreas
liver
small and large intestine
functions of digestive system
digestion (chemical and mechanical)
absorption of nutrients
elimination of wastes
what is the chemical digestion in the digestive system
enzymes: break down of food
what is the mechanical in the digestive system that takes place in the mouth and stomach
chewing of food in the mouth
churning in the stomach
male reproductive system consit of
penis
prostate
testes
vas deferens
seminal vesicler
functions of male reproductive system
produces and transports sperm cells
produce hormones that affects behaviours and sexual functions
female reproductive system consist of
ovaries
vagina
fallopian tube
uterus
breasts
function of female reproductive system
produces oocytes
site of fertilization and fatal development
produces milks
produce hormones that affects behaviours and sexual functions
what is homeostastis
existence and maintenance of relatively constant environment within the body
what are the types of homeostastis
positive and negative feedback mechanism
what are the 3 components of the negative feedback mechanism
receptor
control center
effector
which component gives control to the control receptor in homeostastis
receptor
which component in homeostastis that promotes or trigger release of effector
control center
which component in homeostastis that directly promote significant increase or decrease factor
effector
what refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, palms of hands facing forward
anatomical position
lying facing upward
supine
lying facing downward
prone
what is described as the position of one body part relative to another
directional terms
towards the midline
medial
farthest from point of origin
distal
away form the body’s midline
lateral
closest from the point of origin
proximal
toward the front of the body
anterior
above
superior
toward the back of the body
posterior
inferior
below
what is it called when it divides body or organs into sections
body planes
divides body lengthwise into right and left sides
sagittal plan
sagittal plane passes through midline
midsagittal plane (median plane)
sagittal plane cannot pass through midline
parasagittal plane
runs vertically from right to left and
divides body into anterior and posterior parts
frontal plane (coronal plane)
divides body horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior)
transverse plane
divides body at an angle between
transverse and sagittal plane or
transverse and frontal plane
oblique plane
where do longitudinal section cut through
long axis of the organ
where do transverse (cross) section cut through
right angle to the long axis
where do oblique section cut through
across the long axis at other than right angle
what are the 3 central region of the body
head
neck
trunk
what are the 3 parts of trunk
thorax
abdmen
pelvic
what are the 4 parts of the upper limb
arm (shoulder to elbow)
forearm (elbow to wrist)
wrist
hand
what are the 4 parts of the lower limb
thigh (pelvic to knee)
legs (knee to ankle)
ankle
foot
what are spaces within the body that contains, protect, separate and support internal organs
body cavities
name the cavity:
formed by cell
cranial cavity
name the cavity:
formed by vertebre
spinal cavity
name the cavity:
located at the back of the body
dorsal cavity
name the cavity:
located at the front of the body
ventral cavity
name the cavity:
it is a subdivision of abdominal and pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
name the cavity:
surrounded by ribs and chest muscle
divided by mediastinusm
thoracic cavity
what membrane covers the organ with the cavities
serous membrane
what are the 3 serous membrane
visceral SM
parietal SM
serious fluid
which serous membrane covers the organ
visceral organ
which serous membrane is the outer part of the ballon
parietal SM
which serous membrane reduces friction
serious fluid
which serous membrane fills cavity or space between VSM and PSM
serious fluid
which cavity contains 3 sereous membrane - lines cavities
pericardial cavity
pleural cavity
peritoneal cavity
which cavity is surrounded by the lung
pleural cavity
which cavity is surrounded by the heart
pericardial cavity
which cavity contained the adominopelvic cavity
peritoneal cavity
VSM in pleural C covers the…
lungs
VSM in pericardial C covers the…
heart
VSM in peritoneal C covers the…
many organs of the organs of the adominopelvic
what is the SF in the pleural C
pleural fluid
what is the SF in the pericardial C
pericardial fluid
what is the SF in the peritoneal C
peritoneal fluid
what is the VSM in pleura cavity
covers the lung
what is the VSM in peritoneal cavity
covers many organ of the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity
what is the VSM in pericardial cavity
covers the heart
what is the PSM in pericardial cavity
lines CT sac that contains the heart
what is the PSM in peritoneal cavity
lines the wall of the abdominopelvic cavity and the inferior surface of the diaphragm
what is the PSM in pleura cavity
lines the inner surface of the parietal pericardium and superior surface of diaphragm
