Sensory Mechanisms (8.10) – Part 1

Question 1

This sensation is accomplished by mechanoreceptors located in the inner ear. (Sound is basically hairs bending.)

Answer 1

sensation of hearing

Question 2

This part of the human ear is for the collection of sound waves from the external surrounding environment.

Answer 2

Outer Ear

Question 3

This cartilaginous structure acts like an antenna for collecting sound waves.

Answer 3

Pinna

Question 4

This concentrates the energy as it moves toward the middle ear.

Answer 4

auditory canal

Question 5

This structure converts the sound wave energy into vibrations.

Answer 5

Tympanic Membrane (A.K.A. ear drum)

Question 6

This part is for the amplification of energy traveling toward the inner ear.

Answer 6

middle ear

Question 7

A.K.A. the hammer

Answer 7

Malleus

Question 8

A.K.A. the anvil

Answer 8

Incus

Question 9

This bone bangs on the oval window to create ripples inside the cochlea

Answer 9

Stapes (A.K.A. the stirrup)

Question 10

These bones are responsible for amplifying the vibration energy.

Answer 10

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 11

These tubes, that connects with the throat, acts as a pressure valve for the ears.

Answer 11

Eustachian tube

Question 12

This structure converts the amplified vibration energy into fluid wave energy.

Answer 12

oval window

Question 13

This part is where the transduction of fluid waves into electrical energy occurs – the type of energy that the brain can understand.

Answer 13

Inner Ear

Question 14

“snail shell shaped” - This organ is located in the temporal bone of the skull.

Answer 14

Cochlea

Question 15

The cochlea is filled with a fluid called __________. (This fluid is used to make ripples.)

Answer 15

perilymph

Question 16

runs on top of the Cochlear duct. (A “vestibule” is a covering.)

Answer 16

Vestibular Canal

Question 17

runs on the bottom of the Cochlear duct. It ends at the round window.

Answer 17

Tympanic Canal

Question 18

The Cochlear Duct contains the Organ of ______ (Where the ______ are located.)

Answer 18

Corti, hairs

Question 19

This contains the mechanoreceptor hairs

Answer 19

Basilar Membrane

Question 20

This bends the hairs as the ripple energy passes over top.

Answer 20

Tectorial Membrane

Question 21

Hairs bend causing neurons of the auditory nerve to create an action potential. (_______ energy).

Answer 21

electrical

Question 22

This structure absorbs the ripple so as not to create waves in opposite direction.

Answer 22

Round Window

Question 23

A.K.A. loudness This term refers to the sound wave height – (Tall = loud); (Small = soft)

Answer 23

volume

Question 24

(A.K.A. Frequency) This term refers to the “number” of sound waves to hit the tympanic membrane per second.

Answer 24

Pitch

Question 25

Pitch is measured in _________ (Hz) – (20 -20,000 – human hearing) Most animals can go much higher than humans. (Evolution? Humans have lost some hearing because of life style – blind people not so.)

Answer 25

hertz

Question 26

Sensation of Balance and Motion are accomplished by __________ (hairs bending again) in the Inner Ear.

Answer 26

mechanoreceptors

Question 27

This is the covering of the Utricle and Saccule – These structures are perilymph reservoirs.

Answer 27

Vestibule

Question 28

There are 3 on each side of head. These are the actual organs that detect these sensations.

Answer 28

Semi-circular canals

Question 29

The semi-circular canals are filled with ________ fluid.

Answer 29

perilymph

Question 30

This is the swelling located at the end of a canal. This swelling contains the cupula.

Answer 30

Ampulla

Question 31

This structure contains the embedded mechanoreceptors (Hairs that bend.) Movement of the body causes the perilymph to “flow” through the canals and bend the cupula hairs. Cupula bends hairs causing depolarization in neurons and the energy of motion is converted to electrical energy.

Answer 31

Cupula

Question 32

This is accomplished using receptors in the nose (olfactory – means “smell”) and mouth. (gustatory – means “taste”) Chemicals are detected by different neurons upon contact.

Answer 32

Sensation of Taste

Question 33

The five taste senses are:

Answer 33

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami

Question 34

Taste is 80 % _____ and 20 % _______

Answer 34

smell, taste