Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration Study Guide

Question 1

the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds

Answer 1

cellular respiration

Question 2

Cellular Respiration Equation

Answer 2

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP)

–> = enzymes

Question 3

The 2 main stages of cellular respiration

Answer 3

glycolysis and aerobic respiration

Question 4

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 4

In the cytoplasm

Question 5

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

Answer 5

In the mitochondria

Question 6

a biochemical pathway in which one six-carbon molecule of glucose is oxidized to produce two three-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid.

Answer 6

glycolysis

Question 7

What does glycolysis start with?

Answer 7

A six-carbon molecule of glucose

Question 8

What does glycolysis produce?

Answer 8

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 9

the process in which pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP; the part of respiration that is carried out in the presence of oxygen

Answer 9

aerobic respiration

Question 10

What does aerobic respiration start with?

Answer 10

pyruvic acid that is converted into acetyl CoA

Question 11

What does aerobic respiration produce?

Answer 11

CO2 and water which produce a large amount of ATP

Question 12

What happens after glycolysis if oxygen is available or present?

Answer 12

The Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain

Question 13

the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product

Answer 13

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 14

Microorganisms in the production of dairy products use this. It also occurs in muscle cells during strenuous exercise. Multicellular organisms use this more commonly than unicellular.

Answer 14

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 15

the anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microorganisms break down sugars to form carbon dioxide and ethanol.

Answer 15

alcoholic fermentation

Question 16

_____ ________ and _____ are produced in alcoholic fermentation.

Answer 16

Ethyl alcohol and CO2

Question 17

Unicellular cells use this type of fermentation the most

Answer 17

alcoholic fermentation

Question 18

What are the 2 processes of aerobic respiration?

Answer 18

The Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain

Question 19

What are the products of the Krebs Cycle?

Answer 19

4 molecules of CO2, 2 ATP molecules, and hydrogen atoms that are used to make six NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules.

Question 20

Where do the products of the Krebs Cycle (4 molecules of CO2, 2 ATP molecules, and hydrogen atoms that are used to make six NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules) go?

Answer 20

The CO2 diffuses out of the cell. The ATP can be used for energy. The six NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules go to aerobic respiration.

Question 21

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 21

In the inner mitochondrial matrix

Question 22

What supplies the electron transport chain with electrons?

Answer 22

NADH and FADH2

Question 23

How does the electron transport chain create a concentration gradient?

Answer 23

It produces a concentration gradient because the protons donated by NADH and FADH2 are pumped into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes creating a concentration gradient of protons and a charge gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 24

How is ATP formed using ETC and ATP synthase? Compare the number of ATP produced in chemiosmosis to ATP produced in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle)

Answer 24

ATP is produced by chemiosmosis using ETC and ATP synthase by the ETC when NADH and FADH2 release electrons and protons to the ETC and they move down the ETC. They lose energy doing this. The energy lost from from the electrons is used to pump protons between the inner and outer membranes. Creating a concentration gradient of protons and an electrical gradient. The concentration and electrical gradients of protons drive the synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis. ATP synthase molecules are embedded in the inner membrane. As protons move through ATP synthase and down their concentration and electrical gradient, ATP is made from ADP and phosphate. Oxygen accepts the electrons that have passed down the chain and protons that were part of the hydrogen atoms supplied by NADH and FADH2 producing water. The amount of ATP produced in chemiosmosis is significantly higher than in Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle. Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle produce 2 ATP each and chemiosmosis can produce as many as 38 (36 is the normal).