Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards
disease-causing
virulent
the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or from one organism to another organism
transformation
viruses that infect bacteria
bacteriophages
in a nucleic-acid chain, a sub-unit that consists of a five carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotides
a five carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides
deoxyribose
an organic base that contains nitrogen, such as a pyrimidine or purine; a subunit of a nucleotide in DNA or RNA
nitrogenous base
a nitrogenous base that had a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA or RNA; either adenine or guanine
purine
a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil
pyrimidine
the rules stating that cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and that adenine pairs with uracil in DNA
base-pairing rules
the nucleotide bases in one strand of DNA or RNA that are paired with those of another strand; adenine pairs with thymine or uracil and guanine pairs with cytosine
complementary base pair
the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA
base sequence
the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, or binary fission
DNA replication
an enzyme that separates DNA strands
helicase
a Y-shaped point that results when the 2 strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated
replication fork
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule
DNA polymerase