Mini test 2 study guide (part 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some adaptations for living in a drier and cooler environment?

A
A reduced gametophyte generation (a single cell)
Reduced size of leaves
Thick, waxy cuticle on leaves
The leaves remain all year
Thick bark for protection
Cones for reproduction
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2
Q

What is a conifer?

A

Gymnosperms (“Naked seed plants”) that produce cones.

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3
Q

What are the 4 phyla of gymnosperms that live today?

A

Ginkophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta

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4
Q

What are the 4 phyla of gymnosperms that live today?

A

Ginkophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta

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5
Q

only one species still exist called the Ginko biloba. They have characteristic fan-shaped leaves.

A

Ginkophyta

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6
Q

they possess a large cone in the center of palm like leaves (similar to fronds) and are mainly used as yard ornamentation.

A

Cycadophyta

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7
Q

extreme desert plants. Ex: Welwitschia - among largest leaves of all plants (grow in Africa). Ephedra - produce ephedrine (used for diet pills). They become tumble weeds when they die for the scattering of seeds.

A

Gnetophyta

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8
Q

they produce 2 types of cones: male cones that are long, narrow, and yellow and female cones that are large and wide (if green they are unfertilized and if they are brown they are fertilized). They have evergreen needle leaves. These leaves are very thin to reduce water loss and have a very thick, sticky cuticle on the leaves. They produce thick, sticky sap to keep animals from eating them.

A

Coniferophyta

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9
Q

What are some adaptations that allowed angiosperms to survive in a new and wetter environment?

A

Xylem tissues that allowed them to transport more water to their leaves.
Larger leaves that allowed them to perform more photosynthesis.
Flowers which attracted pollinators.
Fruit which promoted seed dispersal.
Double fertilization

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10
Q

Describe the main components of a flower.

A

Sepals - green protective leaves that form the bud. They are non-reproductive
Petals - colored attractant leaves. They are fragrant and non-reproductive.
Stamen - the male sporophyll. The site of pollen grains and it is reproductive
Anther - contains the yellow pollen grains
Filament - a support stalk
Carpel/Pistil - female sporophyll and it is reproductive
Stigma - sticky top
Style - the neck
Ovary - contains ovules and eggs

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11
Q

green protective leaves that form the bud. They are non-reproductive

A

Sepals

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12
Q

colored attractant leaves. They are fragrant and non-reproductive.

A

Petals

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13
Q

the male sporophyll. The site of pollen grains and it is reproductive

A

Stamen

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14
Q

contains the yellow pollen grains in the male sporophyll

A

Anther

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15
Q

a support stalk in the male sporophyll

A

filament

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16
Q

female sporophyll and it is reproductive

A

Carpel/Pistil

17
Q

sticky top of the carpel

A

stigma

18
Q

the neck of the carpel

A

style

19
Q

contains ovules and eggs in the carpel

A

ovary

20
Q

What is a fruit? What is a pericarp?

A

A fruit is a ripened ovary. They developed to promote seed dispersal.
Pericarp - the skin of the carpel/fruit

21
Q

Describe the basic structures seeds use to increase dispersal?

A

Kites - they get carried by the wind (ex: dandelions)
Burrs - carried by the fur of animals (ex: chestnut)
Edible - eaten by an animal and the seed will be deposited with fertilizer in a new area

22
Q

they get carried by the wind (ex: dandelions)

A

kites

23
Q

carried by the fur of animals (ex: chestnut)

A

burrs

24
Q

eaten by an animal and the seed will be deposited with fertilizer in a new area

A

edible

25
Q

Describe the basic fruit types.

A

Simple - have one ovary and will have one seed (ex: peach)
Aggregate - one flower with several carpel. It will have several seeds (ex: blackberry)
Multiple - several flowers that produce 1 fruit (ex: pineapple)
Dry - grains and nuts

26
Q

have one ovary and will have one seed (ex: peach)

A

simple

27
Q

one flower with several carpel. It will have several seeds (ex: blackberry)

A

aggregate

28
Q

several flowers that produce 1 fruit (ex: pineapple)

A

multiple

29
Q

grains and nuts

A

dry

30
Q

What is double fertilization?

A

Zygote and endosperm food will be made. A pollen tube is created by one sperm. The other two enter through the micropyle (small pore). One sperm fertilizes the egg and the other fertilizes the polar nuclei.

31
Q

has 1 cotyledon (embryonic leaf)

A

monocot

32
Q

has 2 cotyledons (embryonic leaves)

A

dicot

33
Q

What are the main types of angiosperms?

A

Basal Angiosperms - the oldest species and they don’t have xylem
Magnoliids - transitional species mainly. They are evergreens but they make flowers.
Monocots
Eudicots (“true dicots”)

34
Q

the oldest species and they don’t have xylem

A

Basal Angiosperms

35
Q

transitional species mainly. They are evergreens but they make flowers.

A

Magnoliids

36
Q

Describe the importance of angiosperms.

A

They are sources of food and medicine and they can be used for perfumes and decorations.