Digestive Systems (8.12) Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the source of chemical energy used to create ATP (molecule of cellular work) in the process of cellular respiration.It can also serve as the raw building materials for “making” the organism.

A

Food

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2
Q

This condition is caused by a lack of food.

A

undernourishment

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3
Q

This condition is caused by too much food in the diet. Condition can cause Obesity and heart problems.

A

overnourishment

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4
Q

This condition is caused by eating poor quality food.

A

Malnourished

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5
Q

These are plant eaters.

A

herbivores

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6
Q

These are meat eaters.

A

carnivores

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7
Q

These are plant and meat eaters. (“omni” means “all”)

A

omnivores

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8
Q

whales, sponges, bivalves

A

Suspension/filter feeding

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9
Q

maggots (Substrate refers to “surfaces”. They live in or on their food source.)

A

Substrate feeding

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10
Q

(earthworms) (They eat substances deposited in the soil.)

A

deposit feeders

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11
Q

(mosquitoes, hummingbirds) (Feed on fluids such as blood or plant nectar.)

A

fluid feeders

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12
Q

(Humans and most other animals) (Bulk refers to “large quantities at one time”.)

A

Bulk feeders

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13
Q

This is the putting of food in the mouth.

A

ingestion

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14
Q

This is the breakdown of food.;

A

digestion

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15
Q

This refers to trouble breaking down food.

A

indigestion

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16
Q

Accomplished through enzymatic hydrolysis primarily.

Aided by mechanical (grinding/chewing) digestion as well.

A

Digestion

17
Q

Food molecules then undergo __________ into the circulatory system or diffusion into the surrounding tissues.

A

absorption

18
Q

Elimination of waste (about ___% of what is eaten) occurs at the end of the tract (anus) or out the mouth/anus for primitive animals.

A

10

19
Q

Where Digestion occurs: It starts as a single opening _______ (sponges) evolves over time into a single opening mouth/anus of a ________ cavity (Cnidarians and Platyhelminthes)

A

osculum, gastrovascular

20
Q

Gastrovascular cavities evolved into a two opening digestive tracts (A.K.A. ________ Canal) over millions of years.

A

Alimentary

21
Q

Starts digestion by breaking food up into smaller pieces.

A

Mouth/teeth

22
Q

This muscular tube sucks food up into the tract.

A

Pharynx

23
Q

This structure lubricates food for passage through the tract.

A

Esophagus

24
Q

(food storage)

A

Crop

25
Q

(food breakdown)

A

gizzard

26
Q

the crop and gizzard combined to form the _____

A

stomach

27
Q

This organ finishes food breakdown and also food absorption.

A

small intestines

28
Q

This organ is for waste collection and water reabsorption.

A

large intestines

29
Q

Where waste material exits the body.

A

anus

30
Q

related to diets (Just like beaks for birds.)

A

teeth types

31
Q

Increased _______ size for carnivores.

A

stomach

32
Q

Carnivores have short digestive tracts; herbivores have long digestive tracts.

A

length of digestive tract

33
Q

This structure contains cellulose digesting bacteria. (Animals are ruminants.)(They chew cud.)

A

Rumens in herbivores