Sensory Data, Bottom-up Processing, and Attention 3.1.2 Flashcards
What are some major researchers in the history of sensation and perception?
Ernst Heinrich Weber(just-noticeable difference, Weber’s law)
Wilhelm Wundt (founder, opened first laboratory, study the structure of sensation/perception)
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel(discovered visual cortex of our brain has features detectors for multiple features of different images, ability to know what we are looking at through our sensations))
What is bottom-up processing/feature analysis?
When you build a complete picture of an object by only using its features (when you perceive new stimuli through sensations)
ex. pottery, braille
(brand new)
What is change blindness?
When you fail to notice changes in your environment. (happens when you attention is on something else, humans only have the ability to focus on a certain amount of things at a time)
ex. distracted driver on a phone
What is the cocktails party effect?
Your ability to pick a certain stimulus and filter out other stimuli in the environment as well.
What is inattentional blindness?
Failure to see unexpected stimuli because attention is focused elsewhere.
(can cause you to miss details, etc.)
What is perceptual set?
A habit to view things in a particular way.
ex. seeing something you know that you will see
What is priming?
Occurs when the introduction of one stimulus influences how an individual responds to another stimulus.
Ex. when you preview a lesson and you are more likely to pay attention during class because you have already been exposed to the information
What is schema?
When you use your existing beliefs about the way the world is organized to fill in blanks (when you miss out on details, inattentional blindness)
What is selective attention?
When you focus your awareness on a specific environmental stimuli while other stimuli go unnoticed.
What is subliminal stimulus?
When perception of stimuli occurs below you threshold of awareness.
What is top-down processing?
When you use your background knowledge and perceptual sets to fill in missing blanks
ex. describing a cloud in the sky as a shape
(existing knowledge, seeing what you want with existing knowledge)
Are the rules of perception applied similarly across cultures?
No, because people interpret stimuli differently depending on culture.
Beliefs, values, prejudices, expectations, and life experiences affect perception.
What are the rules of perception?
