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Anatomy 2019 > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

Gustation

A

The sense of taste

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2
Q

Gustatory Receptor Cells

A

Chemoreceptors found in taste buds of the tongue

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3
Q

Facial Nerve (CNVII)

A

From anterior 2/3 of tongue

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4
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)

A

From posterior 1/3 of tongue

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5
Q

Vagus Nerve (CNX)

A

From pharynx

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6
Q

Medulla Oblangata

A

Inferior portion of the brain stem contains the solitary nucleus that receives the afferent axons carrying gustatory information

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7
Q

Thalamus

A

Superior portion of the diencephalon relays sensory information to the primary cortex

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8
Q

Insula Lobe

A

Contains primary gustatory cortex

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9
Q

Olfactory Receptors

A

Afferent neurons with their dendrites in the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity

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10
Q

Olfactory Nerve (CNI)

A

Contains the afferent fibers that travels through cribriform foramina

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11
Q

Olfactory Bulbs

A

Structures that receive the afferent fibers and then relays the olfactory information through the olfactory tracts to temporal lobe

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12
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Contains olfactory cortex

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13
Q

What three tunics (layers) compose the wall of the eye?

A

Fibrous Tunic
Vascular Tunic
Neural Tunic

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14
Q

Fibrous Tunic

A

Tough fibrous superficial layer of eye

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15
Q

Sclera

A

White of the eye, dense CT

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16
Q

Cornea

A

Clear anterior portion of eye

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17
Q

Vascular Tunic

A

Middle layer of eye, rich with blood vessels

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18
Q

Choroid

A

Pigmented layer prevents reflection of light that would blur an image

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19
Q

Ciliary Body

A

Ring of smooth muscle attached to the lens by suspensory ligaments, controls the shape of lens

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20
Q

Iris

A

Smooth muscle which controls the diameter of the pupil

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21
Q

Neural Layer (Retina)

A

Deepest layer, portion of the eye where an image is formed, it extends anterior to the posterior margin of the ciliary body

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22
Q

Pigmented epithelium

A

Most superficial layer of neural tunic epithelial cells contains melanin granules to prevent reflection of light

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23
Q

Photo-receptor Layer

A

Located just deep to pigmented epithelium contains photoreceptor cells that detect light

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24
Q

Rods

A

Photoreceptors sensitive to a broad wavelength range providing black and white vision

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25
Cones
Photoreceptors sensitive to narrow wavelength range providing color vision
26
Bipolar Neuron Layer of Retina
Layer of retina deep to the photoreceptors relays information from rods and cones
27
Ganglion Cell Neuron Layer of Retina
Deepest layer of retina, contains large neurons that extend axons through the optic nerves and optic tracts
28
Optic Disc
Location where axons of retinal ganglion neurons exit the eye, creates a blind spot in the visual field because there are no photoreceptors in this region of the retina
29
Fovea Centralis
Small pit in the center of macula lutea which contains the greatest concentration of cones, sharpest vision
30
Anterior Cavity
In front of the lens, contains aqueous humor which provides nutrients to the lens and cornea
31
Anterior Chamber of the Anterior Cavity
Anterior to iris
32
Posterior Chamber of the Anterior Cavity
Posterior to iris, anterior to lens
33
Lens
Clear biconvex disc shaped structure that can change its convexity (curvature) to focus light from an object close to the face
34
Ciliary Muscles
Contracts for near point accommodation to increase curvature of lens focusing light from an object near to the face
35
Posterior Cavity
Posterior to the lens, filled with jelly like vitreous humor
36
Palpebra
Eyelids; protects and covers the eyes
37
Eyelashes
Keep debris out of the eyes
38
Conjunctiva
Mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye
39
Palpebral Conjuctiva
Mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelids
40
Bulbar
Mucous membrane covering the sclera of the eye
41
Lacrimal Gland
Found on the superior/lateral surface of the eye, produces tears
42
Lacrimal Sac
Collects tears
43
Nasolacrimal duct
Drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity
44
Extrinsic Muscles
Skeletal Muscles, movement of eye
45
Superior Rectus
Directs gaze superiorly, excited by CNIII
46
Medial Rectus
Directs gaze towards the midline, excited by CNIII
47
Inferior Rectus
Directs gaze inferiorly, excited by CNIII
48
Lateral Rectus
Directs gaze away from the midline, excited by CNVI
49
Superior Oblique
Rotates the superior aspect of the eye toward the midline, excited by CNIV
50
Inferior Oblique
Rotates the inferior aspect of the eye toward the midline, excited by CNIII
51
Optic Nerve (CNII)
Axons of retinal ganglion neurons travel into cranium
52
Optic Chiasm
Where the medial fibers cross over the midline
53
Optic Tract
Axons of the retinal ganglion neurons continue through the CNS to reach
54
Thalamus
Region of the diencephalon that contains the lateral geniculate nucleus where retinal ganglion neurons synapse with the neurons that will relay visual information to the cortex
55
Occipital Lobe
Contains primary visual cortex
56
Auricle (Pinna)
Outer visible portion of the ear, channels sound waves into the auditory canal
57
External Acoustic Meatus
Pathway directing sound towards the middle ear
58
Tympanic Membrane
Sound waves cause it to vibrate, boundary b/t external and middle ear
59
Middle ear
Small air-filled cavity within the petrous portion of temporal bone, deep to the tympanic membrane
60
Ear ossicles
Tiny bones that bridge the tympanic membrane to the oval window on the cochlea of the inner ear
61
Malleus (Hammer)
Most lateral ossicle, attached to tympanic membrane
62
Incus (Anvil)
Middle ossicle
63
Stapes (Stirrup)
Most medial ossicle, attached to the oval window
64
Oval window
Opening between middle and inner ear
65
Eustachian Tube
Connects the middle ear and superior portion of the throat (nasopharynx)
66
What is the responsibility of the Eustachian Tube?
It equalizes pressure in the middle ear
67
Inner Ear
Bony labyrinth filled with perilymph fluid, contains a membranous labyrinth filled with endolymph fluid
68
Cochlea
Spirals around a central axis and is divided into three ducts: Vestibular Duct Tympanic Duct Cochlear Duct
69
Vestibular Duct
Begins at the oval window
70
Tympanic Duct
Ends at the round window
71
Cochlear Duct
Middle- part of the membranous labyrinth, filled with endolymph and contains the organ of corti
72
Organ of Corti
Contains audiotry hair cell receptors responsible for hearing that extend between the flexible basilar membrane and the rigid tectorial membrane
73
Vestibule
Central Cavity of the bony labyrinth
74
What is the vestibule responsible for?
Responsible for equilibrium sense
75
Maculae
Regions of the utricle and saccule that contain the hair cell receptors that detect linear acceleration
76
Semicircular Canals
Three canals oriented in one of the three planes, contains semicircular ducts of the membranous labyrinth
77
Crista Ampullaris
Regions of the semicircular ducts that contain hair cell receptors that detect angular acceleration
78
Hair Cell Receptors in the Cochlea
Release neurotransmitters onto the dendrites of bipolar neurons that have their stoma in the spiral ganglion of the cochlea
79
Vestibulocholear Nerve (CNVIII)
Contains the afferent fibers of the bipolar neurons that relay auditory information into medulla oblongata
80
Medulla Oblongata
Inferior region of the brain-stem that contains cochlear and superior olivary nuclei. These neurons relay the auditory information up to the mid-brain structure in the corpora quadrigemina called the inferior colliculus
81
Thalamus
Region of the diencephalon that contains the medial geniculate nucleus which receives auditory information from the brain stem and relays it up to the cortex
82
Temporal Lobe
Contains primary audiotry cortex

Anatomy 2019 (11 decks)

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