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Anatomy 2019 > Senses > Flashcards

Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Gustation

A

The sense of taste

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2
Q

Gustatory Receptor Cells

A

Chemoreceptors found in taste buds of the tongue

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3
Q

Facial Nerve (CNVII)

A

From anterior 2/3 of tongue

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4
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CNIX)

A

From posterior 1/3 of tongue

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5
Q

Vagus Nerve (CNX)

A

From pharynx

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6
Q

Medulla Oblangata

A

Inferior portion of the brain stem contains the solitary nucleus that receives the afferent axons carrying gustatory information

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7
Q

Thalamus

A

Superior portion of the diencephalon relays sensory information to the primary cortex

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8
Q

Insula Lobe

A

Contains primary gustatory cortex

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9
Q

Olfactory Receptors

A

Afferent neurons with their dendrites in the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity

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10
Q

Olfactory Nerve (CNI)

A

Contains the afferent fibers that travels through cribriform foramina

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11
Q

Olfactory Bulbs

A

Structures that receive the afferent fibers and then relays the olfactory information through the olfactory tracts to temporal lobe

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12
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Contains olfactory cortex

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13
Q

What three tunics (layers) compose the wall of the eye?

A

Fibrous Tunic
Vascular Tunic
Neural Tunic

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14
Q

Fibrous Tunic

A

Tough fibrous superficial layer of eye

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15
Q

Sclera

A

White of the eye, dense CT

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16
Q

Cornea

A

Clear anterior portion of eye

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17
Q

Vascular Tunic

A

Middle layer of eye, rich with blood vessels

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18
Q

Choroid

A

Pigmented layer prevents reflection of light that would blur an image

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19
Q

Ciliary Body

A

Ring of smooth muscle attached to the lens by suspensory ligaments, controls the shape of lens

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20
Q

Iris

A

Smooth muscle which controls the diameter of the pupil

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21
Q

Neural Layer (Retina)

A

Deepest layer, portion of the eye where an image is formed, it extends anterior to the posterior margin of the ciliary body

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22
Q

Pigmented epithelium

A

Most superficial layer of neural tunic epithelial cells contains melanin granules to prevent reflection of light

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23
Q

Photo-receptor Layer

A

Located just deep to pigmented epithelium contains photoreceptor cells that detect light

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24
Q

Rods

A

Photoreceptors sensitive to a broad wavelength range providing black and white vision

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25
Q

Cones

A

Photoreceptors sensitive to narrow wavelength range providing color vision

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26
Q

Bipolar Neuron Layer of Retina

A

Layer of retina deep to the photoreceptors relays information from rods and cones

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27
Q

Ganglion Cell Neuron Layer of Retina

A

Deepest layer of retina, contains large neurons that extend axons through the optic nerves and optic tracts

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28
Q

Optic Disc

A

Location where axons of retinal ganglion neurons exit the eye, creates a blind spot in the visual field because there are no photoreceptors in this region of the retina

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29
Q

Fovea Centralis

A

Small pit in the center of macula lutea which contains the greatest concentration of cones, sharpest vision

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30
Q

Anterior Cavity

A

In front of the lens, contains aqueous humor which provides nutrients to the lens and cornea

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31
Q

Anterior Chamber of the Anterior Cavity

A

Anterior to iris

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32
Q

Posterior Chamber of the Anterior Cavity

A

Posterior to iris, anterior to lens

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33
Q

Lens

A

Clear biconvex disc shaped structure that can change its convexity (curvature) to focus light from an object close to the face

34
Q

Ciliary Muscles

A

Contracts for near point accommodation to increase curvature of lens focusing light from an object near to the face

35
Q

Posterior Cavity

A

Posterior to the lens, filled with jelly like vitreous humor

36
Q

Palpebra

A

Eyelids; protects and covers the eyes

37
Q

Eyelashes

A

Keep debris out of the eyes

38
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Mucous membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelids and the anterior surface of the eye

39
Q

Palpebral Conjuctiva

A

Mucous membrane covering the inside of the eyelids

40
Q

Bulbar

A

Mucous membrane covering the sclera of the eye

41
Q

Lacrimal Gland

A

Found on the superior/lateral surface of the eye, produces tears

42
Q

Lacrimal Sac

A

Collects tears

43
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Drains tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity

44
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Skeletal Muscles, movement of eye

45
Q

Superior Rectus

A

Directs gaze superiorly, excited by CNIII

46
Q

Medial Rectus

A

Directs gaze towards the midline, excited by CNIII

47
Q

Inferior Rectus

A

Directs gaze inferiorly, excited by CNIII

48
Q

Lateral Rectus

A

Directs gaze away from the midline, excited by CNVI

49
Q

Superior Oblique

A

Rotates the superior aspect of the eye toward the midline, excited by CNIV

50
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

Rotates the inferior aspect of the eye toward the midline, excited by CNIII

51
Q

Optic Nerve (CNII)

A

Axons of retinal ganglion neurons travel into cranium

52
Q

Optic Chiasm

A

Where the medial fibers cross over the midline

53
Q

Optic Tract

A

Axons of the retinal ganglion neurons continue through the CNS to reach

54
Q

Thalamus

A

Region of the diencephalon that contains the lateral geniculate nucleus where retinal ganglion neurons synapse with the neurons that will relay visual information to the cortex

55
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Contains primary visual cortex

56
Q

Auricle (Pinna)

A

Outer visible portion of the ear, channels sound waves into the auditory canal

57
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A

Pathway directing sound towards the middle ear

58
Q

Tympanic Membrane

A

Sound waves cause it to vibrate, boundary b/t external and middle ear

59
Q

Middle ear

A

Small air-filled cavity within the petrous portion of temporal bone, deep to the tympanic membrane

60
Q

Ear ossicles

A

Tiny bones that bridge the tympanic membrane to the oval window on the cochlea of the inner ear

61
Q

Malleus (Hammer)

A

Most lateral ossicle, attached to tympanic membrane

62
Q

Incus (Anvil)

A

Middle ossicle

63
Q

Stapes (Stirrup)

A

Most medial ossicle, attached to the oval window

64
Q

Oval window

A

Opening between middle and inner ear

65
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

Connects the middle ear and superior portion of the throat (nasopharynx)

66
Q

What is the responsibility of the Eustachian Tube?

A

It equalizes pressure in the middle ear

67
Q

Inner Ear

A

Bony labyrinth filled with perilymph fluid, contains a membranous labyrinth filled with endolymph fluid

68
Q

Cochlea

A

Spirals around a central axis and is divided into three ducts:
Vestibular Duct
Tympanic Duct
Cochlear Duct

69
Q

Vestibular Duct

A

Begins at the oval window

70
Q

Tympanic Duct

A

Ends at the round window

71
Q

Cochlear Duct

A

Middle- part of the membranous labyrinth, filled with endolymph and contains the organ of corti

72
Q

Organ of Corti

A

Contains audiotry hair cell receptors responsible for hearing that extend between the flexible basilar membrane and the rigid tectorial membrane

73
Q

Vestibule

A

Central Cavity of the bony labyrinth

74
Q

What is the vestibule responsible for?

A

Responsible for equilibrium sense

75
Q

Maculae

A

Regions of the utricle and saccule that contain the hair cell receptors that detect linear acceleration

76
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

Three canals oriented in one of the three planes, contains semicircular ducts of the membranous labyrinth

77
Q

Crista Ampullaris

A

Regions of the semicircular ducts that contain hair cell receptors that detect angular acceleration

78
Q

Hair Cell Receptors in the Cochlea

A

Release neurotransmitters onto the dendrites of bipolar neurons that have their stoma in the spiral ganglion of the cochlea

79
Q

Vestibulocholear Nerve (CNVIII)

A

Contains the afferent fibers of the bipolar neurons that relay auditory information into medulla oblongata

80
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Inferior region of the brain-stem that contains cochlear and superior olivary nuclei. These neurons relay the auditory information up to the mid-brain structure in the corpora quadrigemina called the inferior colliculus

81
Q

Thalamus

A

Region of the diencephalon that contains the medial geniculate nucleus which receives auditory information from the brain stem and relays it up to the cortex

82
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Contains primary audiotry cortex

Anatomy 2019 (11 decks)

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