Muscular System

Question 1

Movement

Answer 1

Contraction pulls on insertions where a tendon attaches to a bone or other tissue

Question 2

Posture

Answer 2

By producing muscle tone with continuous contractions to stabalize joints.

Question 3

Thermogenesis

Answer 3

Metabolism can be regulated to produce heat and warm the body temperature

Question 4

Excitability

Answer 4

Muscles respond to stimuli. In the case of skeletal muscles, we will see that the stimulus comes from a motor neauron

Question 5

Contractility

Answer 5

Muscles can shorten when stimulated

Question 6

Cardiomyocyte

Answer 6

have a central round nucleaus and for cell junctons called intercalated discs

Question 7

Intewrcalated discs

Answer 7

Disks that contain desmosomes and gap junctions

Question 8

Striations

Answer 8

Alternating light and dark bands (stripes)

Question 9

Contraction is:

Answer 9

Voluntary

Question 10

Functional properties of smooth muscles are:

Answer 10

Involuntary

Question 11

Fibers

Answer 11

Long, striated cells that contain multiple nuclei

Question 12

Fascicle

Answer 12

A bundle of skeletal muscle fibers

Question 13

Origin

Answer 13

Location where a tendon attaches to a bone that remains stationary during the action produced by contraction of that skeletal muscle

Question 14

Insertion

Answer 14

Attachment that moves during the action produced by contraction

Question 15

Epimyysium

Answer 15

Superficial covering of fibrous CT that encloses the skeletal muscle organ and connects to the tendons

Question 16

Perimysium

Answer 16

Fibroud CT covering bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles

Question 17

Endomysium

Answer 17

Areolar CT covering individual fibers within a fascicle

Question 18

Sarcolemma

Answer 18

Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber

Question 19

Myofibril

Answer 19

Non-membranous organelles withinmuscle fibers made of repeating structural and functional units called sarcomeres

Question 20

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

Membranous organelles similar to smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounding myofibrils

Question 21

Myofilaments

Answer 21

Fibrous proteins within myofibrils that produce contraction

Question 22

Myosin ATPase

Answer 22

Motor Proteins

Question 23

Actin

Answer 23

Cytoskeletal protein supports shape of the cell and contains binding sites for myosin

Question 24

Troponin

Answer 24

Calcium sensor protein

Question 25

Tropomyosin

Answer 25

Fibrous Protein covers myosin binding sites of actin

Question 26

Z-Lines

Answer 26

End of sarcomere contain proteins that anchor thin filaments in place

Question 27

A-Band

Answer 27

Entire length of the thick filaments

Question 28

I-Band

Answer 28

Only thin filaments with no overlap of thick filaments

Question 29

H-Band

Answer 29

Central region of thick filoaments with no overlap of thin filaments

Question 30

M-Line

Answer 30

Center of H-Band

Question 31

Axon terminal

Answer 31

End of motor neauron that releases neaurotransmitters to excite msucle fiber

Question 32

Motor end plate

Answer 32

Sarcolemmal surface adjacent to axon terminal that has receptors that detect neurotransmitters

Question 33

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 33

Small space between the axon terminal and motor end plate

Question 34

Motor Unit

Answer 34

A motor neauron and all the muscle fibers it excites

Question 35

Parallel (non-fusiform)

Answer 35

Fibers run straight from origin to insertion

Question 36

Parallel Fusiform

Answer 36

Spindle shaped large belly tapers at ends

Question 37

Convergent

Answer 37

Spread out broadly at the origin but come together to a narrow tendon for the insertion

Question 38

Circular

Answer 38

Fascicles form concentric rings that surround an opening

Question 39

Pennate

Answer 39

Fibers arranged at an oblique angle to a tendon

Question 40

Unipennate

Answer 40

All muscle fibers on same side of the tendon

Question 41

Bipennate

Answer 41

Fibers on both sides of the tendon

Question 42

Multipennate

Answer 42

Tendon branches within the muscle

Question 43

Prime Mover

Answer 43

Main muscle responsible for the action

Question 44

Antagonist

Answer 44

Muscle that stretches and stabilizes in support of the action of the antagonist

Question 45

Synergist

Answer 45

Muscles assist by adding additional force for movement or stability.