Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 2019 > Intro to Nervous System > Flashcards

Intro to Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Sensory Input

A

Monitoring stimuli occurring inside and outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Integration

A

Processing of sensory input and formulation of motor commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Motor Output

A

Response to stimuli by activating effector organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

All nervous tissue outside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reflexes

A

Predictable rapid response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Receptor of a reflex

A

Detects a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Afferent (Sensory) Neuron of a reflex

A

Relays information to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Control Center of a reflex

A

Region of the CNS that processes sensory information and sends motor commands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Efferent (Motor) Neuron of a reflex

A

Carries motor commands away from CNS to the effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Effector of a reflex

A

Muscle or gland that responds to motor commands by producing the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Afferent Fibers (Sensory) Division of PNS

A

Carry info from receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Somatic Afferent Fibers of PNS

A

Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Visceral Afferent Fibers of PNS

A

Carries impulses from organs within ventral body cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Special Sensory Afferent Fibers

A

Carries impulses from nose, eye, tongue, and ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Efferent (Motor) Division

A

Motor neurons carry commands away from CNS to effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic Efferent Fibers

A

Control voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Autonomic Efferent Fibers

A

Control involuntary cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

Travels through thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves and produces the flight or fight responses to mobilize energy reserves and prepare for activity to deal with stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

Travels through cranial nerves and sacral spine nerve and produces the rest and digest maintenance responses to store and conserve energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Soma of a neuron

A

Cell body or perikaryon; contains nucleus and organelles

22
Q

Dendrite of a neuron

A

Branching extensions that contain receptors to detect neurotransmitters from other neurons

23
Q

Axon Hillack of neuron

A

Where cell body tapers into the axon, site where the action potential originates

24
Q

Axon of neuron

A

Single long process, transmits action potential away from soma

25
Q

Axolemma of neuron

A

Plasma membrane of an axon

26
Q

Myelin sheath of neuron

A

Insulation formed by glial cells wrapping around the axon

27
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps in the myelin sheath

28
Q

Internodes

A

Segments of myelin

29
Q

Axon Terminals of neuron

A

Enlarged distal ends of an axon that contains secretory vesicles filled with neurotransmitters (synaptic vesicles)

30
Q

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons

A

Carry sensory information from sensory receptors to CNS

31
Q

Interneurons

A

Between sensory and motor neurons, only in CNS

32
Q

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

A

Carry commands from CNS to effector organs

33
Q

Multipolar Neurons

A

Multiple processes branching off the cell body, numerous dendrites and one axon

34
Q

Unipolar Neurons

A

Appear to have one extension off the cell body. This extension branches forming a long axon with dendrites on one end and axon terminals on the opposite end.
Most Sensory Neurons of the PNS

35
Q

Bipolar Neurons

A

Two Extensions from cell body, one dendrite & one axon. Found in special sense organs.

36
Q

Astrocyte Cells

A 
Star Shaped, processes cling to neurons and capillaries
>Provide structural support
>Maintain blood brain barrier
>Adjusts interstitial environment 
>Guides neuron development
37
Q

Olingoclendrocyte Cells

A

Wrap cytoplasmic processes around the axons and neurons

>Forms a white fatty insulation material called a myelin sheath

38
Q

Microglial

A

Oval Cells with long thorny processes

>Remove cellular debris and pathogens

39
Q

Epedymal

A

Collated cells, line chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid
>Monitor and maintain the composition of CSF
>Assist in the circulation of CSF

40
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Surrounds and protects axons in the PNS

>Forms myelin sheath around some axons of PNS

41
Q

Neurilemma

A

Outer layer that contains Schwann cell cytoplasm

42
Q

Satellite Cells

A

Surround cell bodies of neurons and isolates cell body and regulates exchange of nutrients and waste

43
Q

Membrane Potential

A

Separation of charge across the plasma membrane measured in volts

44
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

Membrane potential at rest when the cell is not receiving information in the form of a graded potential or sending out information as an action potential. Resting potential is typically around -70mV

45
Q

Depolarization

A

The membrane potential becomes less negative

46
Q

Graded potential

A

A localized change in membrane potential that is short lived and dissipates as it travels

47
Q

Action Potential

A

Electrical impulse producing a brief reversal of the membrane potential that travels down the entire length of the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminals

48
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between two neurons or a neuron and muscles, glands or cells

49
Q

Presynaptic Neuron

A

Transmits impulse towards the synapse

50
Q

Axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron

A

Release neurotransmitters

51
Q

Synaptic Cleft

A

Fluid Filled Space where neurotransmitters are released

52
Q

Post Synaptic Cells (neuron, muscle, gland, etc.)

A

Receives information from the presynaptic neurons

Anatomy 2019 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions