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Anatomy 2019 > Central Nervous System (CNS) > Flashcards

Central Nervous System (CNS) Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest and most superior portion of the brain

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2
Q

Cortex

A

Outer Layer of gray matter. Deep under this gray matter is white matter and some deep areas of gray matter called basal nuclei

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3
Q

Gyrus

A

Elevated ridges on the surface separated by sulci and fissures

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4
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves, sulcus is the singular

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5
Q

Fissures

A

Deep grooves

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6
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Large region on anterior

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7
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

Lies in the precentral gyrus

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8
Q

Premolar Cortex

A

Anterior to the primary motor cortex, motor planning

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9
Q

Prefrontal Cortex

A

Involved with intellect, reasoning, judgments concern for others, personality traits, and management of emotions

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10
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Superior region posterior to frontal and deep to parietal bone

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11
Q

Primary Somotosensory Cortex

A

Lies is postcentral gyrus, Receives impulses involved in touch, pain, pressure, stretch

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12
Q

Somatosensory Association Cortex

A

Lies posterior to the primary somotosensory, integrates sensory input into understanding based on past experiences

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13
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Lateral inferior region deep to temporal bone

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14
Q

Primary Auditory Cortex

A

Receives sensory for sense of hearing

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15
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex located?

A

Temporal Lobe

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16
Q

Auditory Association Cortex

A

Interprets sound into context

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17
Q

Where is the auditory association cortex located?

A

Temporal Lobe

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18
Q

Olfactory Cortex

A

Sensory input for sense of smell

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19
Q

Where is the olfactory cortex located?

A

Temporal Lobe

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20
Q

Hippocampus

A

Functions important for memory formation

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21
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

Temporal Lobe

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22
Q

Limbic System

A

Functions important for emotions and memories

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23
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Most posterior region

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24
Q

Primary Visual Cortex

A

Receives sensory input for vision

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25
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located?

A

Occipital Lobe

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26
Q

Visual association

A

Surrounds the primary visual cortex, more complex visual processing

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27
Q

Insular Lobe

A

Region Found hidden within the lateral sulcus

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28
Q

Primary Gustatory Cortex

A

Receives sensory input for taste (gustation)

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29
Q

Where is the primary gustatory cortex?

A

Insular Lobe

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30
Q

Tracts

A

White matter in the CNS, consisting of bundles of axons

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31
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Largest tract in the brain connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum

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32
Q

Language areas of the cerebral cortex are located:

A

In the left hemisphere only

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33
Q

What are the language areas of the cerebral cortex

A

Bocca’s area (Frontal Lobe)

Wernick’s area (Temporal Lobe)

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34
Q

Bocca’s area

A

Controls muscles involved in speech production

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35
Q

Wernick’s area

A

Important for language comprehension

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36
Q

Basal Nuclei (AKA: Basal Ganglia)

A

Gray matter deep in the cerebrum

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37
Q

Striatum

A

Includes caudate nucleus and putamen

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38
Q

Huntington’s and Parkinson’s disease is a result from dysfunction of: _______?

A

Dysfunction of the striatum

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39
Q

Globus Pallidus

A

Works with the striatum to regulate motivation

40
Q

Amygdala

A

Almond shaped, deep in temporal lobe, important for negative emotions

41
Q

Diencephalon

A

Superior to brain stem, surrounded by cerebral hemispheres, and encloses the third ventricle

42
Q

Thalamus

A

Forms the lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle deep to cerebrum in the center of the brain

43
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

It is the relay station for all incoming sensory impulses/less except olfaction

44
Q

Intermediate Mass

A

Connects left and right halves of thalamus

45
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Slightly anterior and inferior to the thalamus

46
Q

What are the responsibilities of the hypothalamus

A

Feeding, Fornication, and fight or flight
Autonomic Control Center
Emotional Responses
Hunger
Water balance and thirst
Control body temperature
>Connects to pituitary through INFUNDIBULUM and regulates endocrine system

47
Q

Mammary Bodies

A

Small round projections from the inferior surface of hypothalamus that connects to the medial temporal lobe through the fornix (projection tract)

48
Q

What are the mammary bodies important for?

A

Important for memory-damage causes impaired memory

49
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Secretes melatonin which regulates your day-night cycles

50
Q

Midbrain

A

Superior portion of brain stem directly inferior to diencephalon

51
Q

Pons

A

Bulging region of brain stem between the midbrain and the medulla

52
Q

Medulla

A

Base of the brain stem, contains vital reflex centers that regulate the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory center

53
Q

Medullary Pyramids

A

Longitudinal ridges on the ventral surface, contains motor tracts that cross over before they continue down the spinal cord

54
Q

Medullary Olives

A

Relay information to the cerebrum & cerebellum

55
Q

Cerebellum

A

Located posterior to the pons and medulla, densely packed with small neurons. Fine tunes motor commands based on sensory feedback and learning from previous experiences

56
Q

Cerebellar Cortex

A

Outer gray matter forms horizontal folds called Folia

57
Q

Arbor Vitae

A

Inner white matter, branches “tree of life.”

58
Q

Dura Mater

A

Superficial layer, consists of two layers of fibrous CT

59
Q

Dural Septa

A

Inner extensions that secure and limit the movement of the brain

60
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Extends into the longitudinal fissure between the cerebral hemispheres, anchors to the crista galli and internal occiptal crest

61
Q

Tenorium Cerebelli

A

Extends into the transverse figure separating the cerebrum and cerebellum

62
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Loose Middle Layer

63
Q

Pia Mater

A

Deepest, clings tightly to the brain following every sulcus

64
Q

Ventricles of the brain

A

Cavitites within the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid

65
Q

Right and left lateral ventricles

A

C shaped cavities within cerebrum

66
Q

Septum Pellucidum

A

Thin membrane at midline separating right and left lateral ventricles

67
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Formed by the medial walls of the thalamus

68
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Connects third and fourth ventricle, runs through the midbrain

69
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

Inferior to the thirdhand is continuous with the central canal of spinal cord

70
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid found in and around brain and spinal cord

71
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

Cluster of capillaries found on the roof of ventricles

72
Q

What is the choroid plexus responsible for?

A

The formation of CSF

73
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

They selectively transport material between the blood and CSF

74
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

Expanded superior end of spinal cord is larger because there are numerous nerves going to/from the upper limbs

75
Q

Lumbar Enlargement

A

Expanded inferior end is larger because there are numerous nerves supplying the lower extremities

76
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

Cone shaped tapered end of the spinal cord located at the level of the L1/L2 vertebrae

77
Q

Filum Terminale

A

Meninges extending inferior from conus to anchor spinal cord to coccyx

78
Q

Cauda Equina

A

“horse tail”: Lower lumbar & scrap spine nerves travel past the conus through vertebral foramen before exiting the spinal column

79
Q

Anterior Median Fissure

A

Deep crease along the ventral surface

80
Q

Posterior Median Sulcus

A

Shallow groove along the dorsal surface

81
Q

White Matter

A

Contains myelinated axons located superficial to gray matter

82
Q

Tract

A

Axons in the CNS

83
Q

Nerve

A

Bundles of axons in the PNS

84
Q

Gray Matter

A

Non-myelited (cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals)

85
Q

Nerve

A

Bundles of axons in the PNS

86
Q

Dorsal Horns

A

Contains sensory axon terminals and interneurons

87
Q

Ventral Horns

A

Contains somatic motor neuron cell bodies

88
Q

Lateral Horns

A

Contains preganglionic autonomia motor neuron soma

89
Q

Dorsal root

A

Contains axons of sensory neurons entering spinal cord

90
Q

Ventral Root

A

Contains axons of motor neurons leaving the spinal cord

91
Q

White matter

A

Outer region, tracts traveling up or down the spinal cord

92
Q

Ascending Tracts

A

Axons carrying sensory info to the brain

93
Q

Posterior White Columns

A

Contains major ascending tracts carrying the somatosensory information

94
Q

Descending tracts

A

Axons carrying motor commands from the brain to the periphery

95
Q

Anterior & Lateral White Columns

A

Contains the major descending tracts that regulate the motor neurons of the ventral gray horn

Anatomy 2019 (11 decks)

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