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Anatomy 2019 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Organ that secretes hormones, ductless glands

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2
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messages that travel through the blood to regulate target cells

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3
Q

What does the hypothalamus do in the endocrine system?

A

It secretes releasing hormones that control the activity of the anterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus. It contains two functional lobes:
>Anterior Pituitary made of glandular tissue
>Posterior Pituitary made of nervous tissue

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5
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

Nervous tissue

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6
Q

Oxytocin

A

Causes uterine contractions during child birth and milk ejection reflex during nursing

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7
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

Stimulates reabsorption of water in the kidneys leading to reduced urine volume

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8
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland

A

Glandular Tissue

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9
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

Targets thyroid gland to produce hormones

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

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11
Q

Leutinizing Hormone (H)

A

Females- stimulates ovulation and progesterone production

Males- Stimulates testes to produce testosterone

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12
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Stimulates cell growth and division in skeletal msucle and bone, stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

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13
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

Stimulates gorwth of the mammary gland and milk production

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14
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Butterfly Shaped Gland located in the anterior cervical region

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15
Q

Thyroid Hormones (T3 & T4)

A

Increase cell metabolism

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16
Q

Calcitonin

A

Decreases blood calcium levels

17
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

Tiny masses found on the posterior side of the thyroid

18
Q

What secretes the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

A

Secreted by chief cells in response to low blood calcium levels

19
Q

What does (PTH) stimulate?

A

Stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone, stimulates activation of Vitamin D leading to increased absorption of Ca2+ in digestive tract

20
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Paired, pyramid shaped organs atop the kidneys

21
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Located in the center of the adrenal gland

22
Q

What produces Epinephrine?

A

The adrenal gland

23
Q

What stimulates the production of epinephrine?

A

Stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers

24
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

Glandular tissue, outer layer, synthesizes and releases steroid hormones

25
Q

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona Glomerulosa- Superficial layer
Zona Fasciculata- Middle Layer
Zone Reticularis- Deepest Layer

26
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ located posterior to the stomach that functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland

27
Q

Acinar Cells

A

Exocrine cells that produce digestive enzymes that are secreted into the duodenum

28
Q

Glucagon

A

Triggers the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, thus increases blood glucose levels

29
Q

Insulin

A

Increases the uptake of glucose into the cells, thus decreases blood glucose levels

30
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Found in the diencephalon of the brain produces the hormone melatonin

31
Q

Melatonin

A

Regulates sleep/wake cycles

32
Q

Thymus

A

Located in the upper thoracic cavity over the heart; produces the hormone thymosin

33
Q

Thymosin

A

Regulates maturation of T-lymphocytes

34
Q

Ovaries

A

Located in the pelvic cavity; produces the steroid sex hormones:
>Estrogen
>Progesterone

35
Q

Estrogen

A

Stimulates secondary sex characteristics at puberty, plays role in regulating ovarian and uterine cycles

36
Q

Progesterone

A

Works with estrogen to maintain uterine cycle

37
Q

Testes

A

Located in the scrotum; produces the steroid sex hormone Testosterone

38
Q

Testosterone

A

Stimulates spermatogenesis and secondary sex characteristics at puberty

Anatomy 2019 (11 decks)

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