Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine Gland

Answer 1

Organ that secretes hormones, ductless glands

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Chemical messages that travel through the blood to regulate target cells

Question 3

What does the hypothalamus do in the endocrine system?

Answer 3

It secretes releasing hormones that control the activity of the anterior pituitary gland

Question 4

Pituitary Gland

Answer 4

Hangs by a stalk from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus. It contains two functional lobes:
>Anterior Pituitary made of glandular tissue
>Posterior Pituitary made of nervous tissue

Question 5

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 5

Nervous tissue

Question 6

Oxytocin

Answer 6

Causes uterine contractions during child birth and milk ejection reflex during nursing

Question 7

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 7

Stimulates reabsorption of water in the kidneys leading to reduced urine volume

Question 8

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 8

Glandular Tissue

Question 9

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer 9

Targets thyroid gland to produce hormones

Question 10

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer 10

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids

Question 11

Leutinizing Hormone (H)

Answer 11

Females- stimulates ovulation and progesterone production

Males- Stimulates testes to produce testosterone

Question 12

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer 12

Stimulates cell growth and division in skeletal msucle and bone, stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Question 13

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 13

Stimulates gorwth of the mammary gland and milk production

Question 14

Thyroid Gland

Answer 14

Butterfly Shaped Gland located in the anterior cervical region

Question 15

Thyroid Hormones (T3 & T4)

Answer 15

Increase cell metabolism

Question 16

Calcitonin

Answer 16

Decreases blood calcium levels

Question 17

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 17

Tiny masses found on the posterior side of the thyroid

Question 18

What secretes the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

Answer 18

Secreted by chief cells in response to low blood calcium levels

Question 19

What does (PTH) stimulate?

Answer 19

Stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone, stimulates activation of Vitamin D leading to increased absorption of Ca2+ in digestive tract

Question 20

Adrenal Glands

Answer 20

Paired, pyramid shaped organs atop the kidneys

Question 21

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 21

Located in the center of the adrenal gland

Question 22

What produces Epinephrine?

Answer 22

The adrenal gland

Question 23

What stimulates the production of epinephrine?

Answer 23

Stimulated by preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 24

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 24

Glandular tissue, outer layer, synthesizes and releases steroid hormones

Question 25

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?

Answer 25

Zona Glomerulosa- Superficial layer Zona Fasciculata- Middle Layer Zone Reticularis- Deepest Layer

Question 26

Pancreas

Answer 26

Organ located posterior to the stomach that functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland

Question 27

Acinar Cells

Answer 27

Exocrine cells that produce digestive enzymes that are secreted into the duodenum

Question 28

Glucagon

Answer 28

Triggers the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, thus increases blood glucose levels

Question 29

Insulin

Answer 29

Increases the uptake of glucose into the cells, thus decreases blood glucose levels

Question 30

Pineal Gland

Answer 30

Found in the diencephalon of the brain produces the hormone melatonin

Question 31

Melatonin

Answer 31

Regulates sleep/wake cycles

Question 32

Thymus

Answer 32

Located in the upper thoracic cavity over the heart; produces the hormone thymosin

Question 33

Thymosin

Answer 33

Regulates maturation of T-lymphocytes

Question 34

Ovaries

Answer 34

Located in the pelvic cavity; produces the steroid sex hormones: >Estrogen >Progesterone

Question 35

Estrogen

Answer 35

Stimulates secondary sex characteristics at puberty, plays role in regulating ovarian and uterine cycles

Question 36

Progesterone

Answer 36

Works with estrogen to maintain uterine cycle

Question 37

Testes

Answer 37

Located in the scrotum; produces the steroid sex hormone Testosterone

Question 38

Testosterone

Answer 38

Stimulates spermatogenesis and secondary sex characteristics at puberty