Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
Clavicle (Collarbone)
Medium sized flat bone on anterior shoulder
Acromial (lateral) end
Articulates w/acromion process of the scapula forming the acromioclacicular (AC) joint
Sternal (medial) end
Articulates w/the manubrium
Sternoclavicular joint
Only joint between axial and appendicular skeleton
Conoid tubercle or Coracoid tuberosity
On inferior surface near acromial end. Attaches to conoid ligament that connects with corocoid process of scapula
Scapula (shoulder blade)
large flat bone with triangular body on the posterior of the acromial region (shoulder)
Glencid cavity
lateral angle contains fossa that articulates with teh head of humerus to form shoulder
Superior border
extends from lateral angle to superior angle
Lateral (axillary) border
extends from lateral angle to inferior angle
Medial (vertebral) border
extends from superior angle to inferior angle
Acromion (acromial process)
flat projection on superior lateral angle articulates with clavicle
Coracoid process
projects anterior from lateral angle, serves as origin for short head of biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis, insertion for pectoralis minor
Scapular Spine
ridge on posterior superior of body extending from acromion to medial border, origin for deltoid muscle, and insertion for trapezius separates the Supraspinous fossa from the Infraspinous fossa that are origins of supraspinatus and infraspinatus.
Subscapular fossa
anterior surface and origin of subscapularis muscle.
Humerus
large, long bone in brachial region
Humerus Head
articulates with glenoid cavity
Humerus Anatomical neck
border of capsule for should joint
Humerus Surgical neck
epiphyseal line
Humerus Greater tubercle
rough projection on lateral proximal end serves as insertion for supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles of the rotator cuff.
Humerus Lesser tubercle
medial to greater serves as the insertion for subscapularis muscle.
Humerus Intertubercular sulcas (groove)
space between greater and lesser tubercle serves as insertion for pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major
Humerus Deltoid tuberosity
insertion for deltoid muscle on teh lateral diaphysis just proximal to the middle.
Humerus Radial fossa
depression on lateral side of anterior surface at the distal epiphysis accommodates the head of the radius during flexion of the elbow.
Humerus Cerenoid fossa
depression on medial side of anterior surface at the distal epipshysis accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna during flexion of the elbow.
Humerus Olecrana fossa
depression on posterior surface at the distal epiphysis accomodates the olecranon process of ulna during extension of the elbow.
Humerus Trachlea
articular surface on medial side of distal epiphyshsis that articulates with ulna to form the elbow joint.
Humerus Capitulum
articular surface on lateral side of distal epiphysis
Humerus Medial epicondyle
ridge superiour to trochlea serves as origin for muscles of the forearm that flex the wrist and fingers like flexor carpi radialis, f.c. ulnaris, and f. digitorum superficialis
Humerus Lateral epicondyle
ridge superior to capitulum serves as origin for muscles of the forearm the extend the wrist and fingers like extensor carpi radialis brevis, e.c. unaris, and extensor digitorum.
Ulna
medium sized long bone in medial antebrachial region.
Ulna Head
distal epiphysis
Ulna olecranen process
posterior of proximal epiphysis and insertion for triceps
Ulna Coronoid process
anterior of proximal epiphysis
Ulna trachlear notch
articular surface of prozimal epiphysis
Ulna radial notch
smooth indentation on lateral side near the proximal end accommodates the head of the radius
Ulna styloid process
small extension on posterior of distal epiphysis stabilizes the wrist.
Ulnar tuberosity
rough projection of bone on anterior just inferior to coronoid p. serves as insertion for the brachialis muscle performs flexion of the elbow.
Radius
medium sized long bone in lateral antebrachial region
Radius Head
proximal epiphysis
Radius Radial tuberosity
rough projection of bone on the anterior medial surface of the diaphysis just inferior to the radial head serves as insertin for biceps brachii.
Ulnar notch
smooth indentation on the medial side near the distal epiphysis.
Radius Styloid process
small projection of bone extending distal fro the lateral side of the distal epiphysis to stabilize the wrist
Carpal Bones
small short bones in the wrist
Carpal bones from lateral to medial Proximal Row
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform,
Carpal bones from lateral to medial Distal Row
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Metacarpals
Small long bones in the palmar region
Number digits 1-5 from lateral to medial
Pollex or thumb = 1st metacarpal/Little finer = 5th metacarpal.
Phalanges
Small long bones in didits @same as metacarpals: 1-5 from lateral to medial.
Each digit has a Proximal - Middle & Distal Phalanx
(except for the Pollex 1st digit had just proximal and distal)
Pelvic Girdle (PG)
formed by two halves, each called the Coxal one (Os Coxa) Each Os Coxa is formed by the fusion of three separate bones:
Pelvic Girdle Ilium
bone that forms the flat superior region of the coxal bone.
(PG) Iliac crest
ridge on superior end is the origin for the internal abdominal oblique and insertion for external abdominal oblique that perform flexion and rotation of the vertebral column.
(PG) Iliac fossa
smooth anterior surface origin of iliacus muscle that performs hip flexion.
(PG) Anterior superior Iliac spine
small pointed process at anterior border of iliac crest and origin of sartorius muscle that laterally rotates and abducts hip.
(PG) Anterior inferior iliac spine
origin of rectus femoris of the quadriceps group that extend the knee
(PG) Posterior superior iliac spine
small pointed process at posterior border of iliac crest
(PG) Posterior inferior iliac spine
small pointed process at the superior border of the greater sciatic crest.
(PG) Greater sciatic notch
large curve on posterior where the largest nerve in the body travels
(PG) Acetabulum
articulates with head of femur to form hip joint.
Ischium
bone that forms the inferior posterior region of the coxal bone
Ischial spine
Small process at inferior border of greater sciatic notch and superior border of Lesser Sciatic notch.
Obturator foramen
large opening are origin of obturator muscles that assist with lateral rotation and abduction of hip.
Ischial tuberosity
rough projection on posterior inferior is origin for hamstring muscles that flex the knee (bicps femoris long head, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus)
Ischial ramus
projects anterior along the inferior border to articulate with the inferior pubic ramus.
Pubis
bone that forms the inferior anterior region of the coxal bone.
Pubic symphysis (only on a complete pelvis)
articulation between medial surfaces of right and left pubis composed of gibrocartilate.
Superior pubic ramus
projects lateral toward acetabulum superior to obturator foramen.
Inferior Pubic ramus
articulates w/ischial ramus forming inferior border of obturator foramen.
Pubic tubercle
small rounded projection on anterior is superior border of inferior pubic ramus and medial border of superior pubic ramus.
pubic angle/arch
angle formed below pubic symphsis by L and R inferior pubic ramus.
Femur
largest long bone, located in femoral refion (thigh)
Femur Head
articulates with acetabulum
Femur Fovea
depression on the femoral head that attaches to ligament of the head to help stabilize the hip joint
Femur Neck
narrow region connecting head diaphysis
Femur Lesser Trochanter
large rough projection on proximal end medial to neck is insertion for iliacus and psoas muscles that flex the hip.
Femur Greater Trochanter
large rough projection on proximal end lateral to neck, insertin for gluteus mediums and piriformis muscles that abduct the hip.
Femur Intertrochanteric crest
ridge on posterior connecting greater and less trochanter
Femur Intertrochanteric line
on anterior between greater and lesser trochanter is the distal edge of hip joint capsule
Gluteal tuberosity
rough projection of posterior of proximal diaphysis just inferior to greater trochanter is insertion for gluteus maximus that extends the hip.
Linea aspera
“rough line” elevatin on mid line of posterior diaphysis is origin for biceps femoris short head of quadriceps muscle group that flex the knee and insertion for adductor magnus.
Medial and Lateral epicondyle
ridges superior to smooth articular surfaces of medial and lateral condyles that form the knee joint at the distal epiphysis.
Intercondylar fossa
deep indentation between medial and lateral condyles
Patellar surface
smooth anterior side of distal epiphysis.
Patella
large sesamoid bone imbedded in tendon of quadriceps femoris (patellar tendon), protects anterior of knee, attaches to the tibial tuberosity through the patellar ligament and functions as an anatomical pulley in extension of the knee.m
Tibia
Large long bone, located in medial crural region (leg)
Medial and lateral condyle
smooth articular surfaces on proximal epiphysis
Intercondylar eminence
ridge between medial and lateral condyles
Tibial tuberosity
rough projection on anterior of proximal epiphysis.
Anterior crest/margin
ridge on surface of diaphysis distal to tibial tuberosity
Medial malleolus
“hammer” projects from distal epiphysis on medial side to prevent lateral sliding on the talus.
Fibula
large long bone located in lateral crural region
Fibula Head
proximal epiphysis
Fibula lateral malleolus
projects from distal epiphysis to stabilize ankle joint.
Tarsals
medium to large short bones in ankle and posterior pedal region.
Talus
2nd largest tarsal articulates with tibia and fibula to form ankle joint.
Calcaneus
largest tarsal forms the heel and is the insertion for plantar flexors of sural region (gastrocnemius and soleus) via Achilles (calcaneal) tendon.
Cuboid
large cube shaped short bone in the lateral pedal region that articulates with talus and cuneiform bones.
Lateral cuneiform
articulates w/medial side of cuboid and base of 3rd metatarsal.
Intermediate cuneiform
articulates with base of 2nd metatarsal.
Medial cuneiform
articulates with base of 1st metatarsal.
Metatarsals
small long bones in carpal region #1-5 medial - lateral (Hallux has 1st metatarsal)
Phalanges
Small long bones in pedal digits # same as the metatarsals 1 -5
Phalanges Proximal - Middle - Distal
Except for the hallux 1st digit (only proximal and distal)
