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Anatomy 2019 > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Cranial: Large flat convex anterior roof of cranium and contains air filled sinuses connected to nasal cavity.

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2
Q

Squama

A

Cranial: Flat region of bone forming the forehead

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3
Q

Supra-orbital Margin

A

Cranial: Upper edge of orbits.

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4
Q

Supraorbital foramen

A

Cranial: Opening in the center of supraorbital margin contains opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (sensory information from superior regions of the face.)

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5
Q

Zygomatic Process

A

Cranial: Articulates with frontal process of zygomatic bone.

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6
Q

Parietal (L/R)

A

Large flat convex superior lateral walls of cranium.

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7
Q

Grooves for meningeal vessels

A

Depressions on the deep surface that contour to the blood vessels in the membranes surrounding the brain

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8
Q

Parietal Eminence

A

Central region on exterior with the greatest convex curvature.

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9
Q

Suture: Coronal

A

Between frontal and parietal

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10
Q

Suture: Squamos

A

Between Temporal and parietal

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11
Q

Suture: Sagittal

A

Between left and right parietal

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12
Q

Suture: Lambdoid

A

Between Occipital and Parietal

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13
Q

Occipital Bone

A

LArgew Flat Convex Posterior Wall and base of cranium

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14
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Contains medulla oblongata that attaches to the spinal cord

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15
Q

Occipital Condyles

A

Smooth extensions lateral to foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

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16
Q

Hypoglossal Canals

A

Lateral to foramen magnum contains a cranial nerve that excites muscles of tongue.

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17
Q

External Occipital Crest, protuberance, and nuchal lines

A

Attachment for muscles and ligaments that extend and stabilize the neck

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18
Q

Fossa for cerebrum

A

Smooth Convex deep surface contours to occipital lobe of cerebrum

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19
Q

Fossa for Cerebellum

A

Smooth Convex deep surface contours to cerebellum

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20
Q

Jugular Notch

A

Forms the medial side of jugular foramen that is origin of jugular vein draining blood from the brain.

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21
Q

Temporal Bone

A

2, Medium sized irregular shape forms the inferior lateral wall

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22
Q

Floor of cranium has 2 parts:

A

Squamos Part: Flat region that forms the squamos suture.
Petrous Part: Inferior part that has a complex shape and contains middle ear with audiotry ossicles & inner ear with cochlea, vestibule, & semicircular canals.

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23
Q

Zygomatic Process

A

Articulates with the temporal process of zygomatic bone.

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24
Q

Mandibular Fossa

A

Articulates w/ condylar p. of mandible to form only mobile skull joint

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25
Q

External Acousitic Meatus

A

Opening for air in external ear vibrate the tympanic membrane and ossicles of middle ear

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26
Q

Internal Acoustic Meastus

A

Vestibular Cochlear nerve travels from inner ear.

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27
Q

Mastoid Process

A

Interstion for sternocleidomastoid muscle that flex and rotates neck.

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28
Q

Styloid Process

A

Origin of styloglossus and stylohyoid muscles

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29
Q

Stylomastoid foramen

A

Located between the styloid and mastoid processes this opening contains the facial nerve

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30
Q

Carotid Foramen (canal)

A

Contains internal carotid artery sipplying blood to the brain

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31
Q

Sphenoid Bone

A

Medium Sized Irregular shape forms the anterior floor of cranium and articulates with all seven of the other cranial bones. Contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity.

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32
Q

Pterygoid Processes

A

Inferior extensions that provide attachment for the pterygoid jaw muscles.

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33
Q

Greater Wings

A

Majority of bone extending lateral from the central body and contains:

  • Foramen Spinosum
  • Foramen Ovale
  • Foramen Rotundum
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34
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A

Furthest posterior and lateral opening in greater wing, small round opening that contains meningeal vessels

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35
Q

Formane Ovale

A

Oval shaped opening on the posterior of the greater wing contains mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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36
Q

Foramen Rotundum

A

Round opening on the medial to foramen ovale in the greater wing contains maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve.

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37
Q

Lesser wings

A

Broad regions on anterior superior to the greater wings.

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38
Q

Optic Foramen

A

Contains optic nerve that carries vision from the eyes

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39
Q

Superior Orbital Fissures

A

Large elongated opening between the lesser wings and greater wings, contains several nerves traveling to/from the eyes.

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40
Q

Sella Turcica

A

Cup shaped depression posterior and medial to the lesser wings that protects the pituitary gland.

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41
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Small irregular bone that forms the roof of nasal cavity. Contains air filled sinuses that connect with nasal cavity.

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42
Q

Crista Galli

A

“rooster comb” anterior attachment of falx cerebri

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43
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Numerous small foramina lateral to the crista gali that contains branches of the olfactory nerve

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44
Q

Perpendicular Plate

A

Forms superiod portion of nasal septum dividing the nasal cavity into left and right

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45
Q

Nasal Concha

A

Superior and middle nasal concha are scroll shaped extensions of the ethmoid that project into the nasal cavity lateral to the perpendicular plate and produce turbulence that helps warm and humidify incoming air.

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46
Q

Cranial Fossa

A

Smooth Convex surfaces on floor of cranium contour around the brain

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47
Q

Fontanelles

A

Fibrous CT between cranial bones of an infant

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48
Q

Anterior Fontanelle

A

Junction of sagittal and coronal sutures where left and right halves of frontal bone merge together

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49
Q

Posterior Fontanelle

A

Junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

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50
Q

Sphenoidal Fontaelle

A

Junction of squamos and coronal sutures

51
Q

Mastoid Fontanelle

A

Junction of squamos and lambdoid sutures

52
Q

Facial Bones:

Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh

A 
Vomer (1)
Inferior Nasal Concha (2)
Nasal (2)
Maxilla (2)
Mandible (1)
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Lacrimal (2)
53
Q

Vomer

A

Small Flat Shape resembles a plow forms the inferior portion of nasal septum

54
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A

Samll irregular bones that form scroll shaped extension from the inferior lateral walls of nasal cavity to produce turbulence that helps warm and humidify incoming air

55
Q

Nasal Bones

A

Small flat Forming bridge of nose

56
Q

Maxilla

A

Medium Sized irregular shape forms upper jaw and medial margin of orbit. Contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity.

57
Q

Infraorbital foramen and inferior orbital fissure

A

Contain a divisions of the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

58
Q

Palatal (palatine) process

A

Forms anterior 2/3 of hard palate

59
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Articulates with zygomatic bone

60
Q

Frontal Process

A

Articulates with the frontal bone

61
Q

Alvelolar Process

A

Ridges around upper teeth

62
Q

Mandible

A

Medium sized irregular bone forms lower jaw

63
Q

Alveolar Process

A

Ridge around lower teeth

64
Q

Mental Foramen

A

Opening on the anterior surface of the body that contains a division of mandibular branch of trigemnial nerve

65
Q

Ramus

A

Process that projects superior from the mandibular angle

66
Q

Condylar Process

A

Articulates with mandiublar fossa to form only mobile skull joint

67
Q

Coronoid Process

A

Insertion for temporalis muscle that closes jaw

68
Q

Mandibular Notch

A

Smooth Concave curve at end of ramus between condylar and coronoid processes

69
Q

Mandiublar Foramen

A

Opening on the medial surface of the ramus that contains a division of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve carrying sesnory information from lower jaw (site for novocain injections)

70
Q

Palatine Bone

A

Small irrefulae bones that resemble the letter L with a horiziontal plate that forms the posterior 1/3 of hard palate.

71
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A

Medium sized irregular bones that form that cheeks located lateral to the maxillae and anterior to the temporal and sphenoid bones,

72
Q

Temporal Process

A

Articulates with zygomatic process of tmeporal bone

73
Q

Frontal Process

A

Articulates with zygomatic process of frontal bone

74
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

The smallest Bones of the face have a flat shape and are located in the medial orbits

75
Q

Lacrimal Groove

A

Forms nasolscrimal duct draining tears

76
Q

Hyoid

A

Small irregular horseshoe shape located inferior to mandible has no bony joints

77
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Forms the roof and supraorbital margin

78
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A

Forms the lateral wall and lateral floor

79
Q

Maxilla

A

Has a frontal process that forms the medial margin and majority of the medial floor

80
Q

Palatine Bone

A

Has a superior orbital process forming a small portion of the medial floor

81
Q

Lacrimal Bone

A

Forms the portion of the medial wall just lateral to the frontal process of the Maxilla

82
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Forms the portion of the medial wall just medial to the sphenoid bone

83
Q

Sphenoid

A

Forms the majority of the posterior wall containing the optic canal and superior orbital fissure

84
Q

Vertebral Column

A

26 Bones; Medium to small size and irregular shape, located along midline from base of skll to the pelvis and forms the vertebral cavity. 7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 1 Sacrum, 1 Coccyc

85
Q

Primary Curves

A

Present at birth are in the thoracic and sacral regions

86
Q

Secondary Curves

A

Develop with upright posture, found in cervical and lumbar regions

87
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal Lateral Curve of spine

88
Q

Kymphosis

A

Exaggerated thoracic curve

89
Q

Lordosis

A

Exaggerated lumbar curve (sway back)

90
Q

Body of vertebrae

A

Large anterior region and the vertebral arch is the posterior region surrounding the vertebral canal that contains the spinal cord

91
Q

Pedicles

A

Lateral walls of the vertebral foramen

92
Q

Lamina

A

Posterior walls of the vertebral foramen

93
Q

Spinous Process

A

Extends psterior from the lamina

94
Q

Transverse Processes

A

Extends lateral from the pedicles

95
Q

Superior and inferior articular processes

A

Extend from lamina and have facets to form joints between adjacent vertebrae

96
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

A

Formed by two adjacent vertebrae located between the articular processes and bodies where spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord

97
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Pads preventing contact between adjacent vertebral bones

98
Q

Annulus Fibrous

A

Outer ring of fibrocartilage

99
Q

Nucleaus Pulposus

A

Jelly-like core of loose CT

100
Q

Atlas

A

What C1 is also referred to as: no body, anterior & posterior arch attach to lateral masses w/ articular facets

101
Q

Axis

A

What C2 is also referred to as: The odontoid process or dens develops from what would have been the body of atlas and enables the rotation of atlas as occurs when you shake from side to side to say no.

102
Q

Vertebra Prominens

A

C7: Generally has the overall appearance similar to the thoracic vertebrae with a long slender spinous process that is not bifid but C7 does not have costal facets that would be found on thoracic vertebrae

103
Q

Costal Facets

A

Transverse processes articulate with the ribs

104
Q

Sacral

A

Large irregular bone that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity and formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae

105
Q

Sacral Promontory

A

Anterior rim of base

106
Q

Apex

A

Narrow inferior end articulates with coccyx

107
Q

Canal

A

Contains spinal nerves that extend down from the spinal cord through the vertebral frament and exit through the 4 pairs of sacral foramina

108
Q

Median Sacral Crest

A

Ridge on the posterior down midline resulting from fused spionous processes

109
Q

Coccyx

A

“tail” bone made of 3-5 small vertebrae that fuse together late in life.

110
Q

Sternum

A

Large flat bone along midline on anterior thorax

111
Q

Manubrium of sternum

A

Broad superior part

112
Q

Jugular (suprasternal) notch

A

Curved superior edge on midline between clavicles

113
Q

Body of sternum

A

Large middle portion

114
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

“Sword Like” small inferior pointed tip that is originally made of cartilage but gradually ossifies during adult life

115
Q

Ribs

A

24; medium sized flat bones extending lateral and anterior from the thoracic vertebrae, the superior ten curve medial at the anterior o the thorax to form cartilaginous articulations with the sternum (Costal Cartilage)

116
Q

True Ribs

A

Numbered 1-7 attach to sternum directly through distinct costal cartilages

117
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10 Attach to the costal cartilage of rib 7

118
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12 have no costal cartilage

119
Q

Head of rib

A

Articulates with the costal facets of vertebral body

120
Q

Tubercule of Rib

A

Articulates with the costal facets on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

121
Q

Neck of rib

A

Region between head and tubercle

122
Q

Angle of rib

A

Point of greatest curvature

123
Q

Costal Groove of Rib

A

Long narrow depression on the inferior surface that contains costal nerves and blood vessels

Anatomy 2019 (11 decks)

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