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Psychology > Sensations > Flashcards

Sensations Flashcards

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0
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

Processing of information from sensory organs

Forming images from eyes

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1
Q

Sensation

A

How we receive information about the world around us

Sights sounds touch

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2
Q

Perception

A

Our complete analysis of information recieved

Perception that you are looking at the sky

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3
Q

Top-down processing

A

Interprets information using past experiences and your expectations

Knowing from the past that what you are looking at is a ball

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4
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect a certain stimulus.

The maker of perfume uses this to add or not add certain fragrances and how much.

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5
Q

Difference threshold

A

The least amount of change that a person can detect.

How long it takes for you to detect the light changing when dimming lights very slowly

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6
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Formulas or principles that predict how we will detect faint stimulus, and background stimulus.

Thinking you saw a bird when it was an inanimate object

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7
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Failing to notice a constant and unchanging stimulus

Getting used to cold water and not noticing it

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8
Q

Selective attention

A

Focusing on one stimulus and ignore everything else

Getting so caught up in a book that all other sights and sounds disappear

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9
Q

Electromagnetic therapy

A

Way light enters the eyes and present electromagnetic radiation in environment

The visible light spectrum

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10
Q

Hue

A

Color of light determined by wave length and light energy

Red or orange colors

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11
Q

Cornea

A

Clear curved bulge on the front of the eye

Bends light waves

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12
Q

Iris

A

The colored tissue behind the cornea

Regulates size of pupil

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13
Q

Pupil

A

Center of the iris, controls amount of light entering the eye

Small to let less light in like when in bright sunlight, and large to let more in like when in the dark

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14
Q

Lens

A

Transparent structure behind the eye, changes thickness to focus on image

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15
Q

Retina

A

Processing center at the back of the eye

The film of the camera

16
Q

Receptor cells

A

Change light energy into nerve impulses for the brain to interpret

Interpreter for a foreign speaking person

17
Q

Rods

A

Detect only black and white and shades of gray

Respond only in dim light and like a night vision

18
Q

Cones

A

Detect sharp detail and colors, cluster in the center of the retina

Like the hd effect

19
Q

Fovea

A

Center of retina, where vision is the best

Where the cones cluster

20
Q

Bipolar cells

A

Cells that form the middle layer in retina

A review that is taken up to be looked at and passed used later

21
Q

Ganglion cells

A

Top layer of cells in retina that transmit information from bipolar cells through their axons.

Telephone wire

22
Q

Optic nerve

A

Nerve that sends information from eye to occipital lobe in brain

Telephone wire

23
Q

Blind spot

A

Where the optic nerve exits the eye due to no cones or rods

Like on a car

24
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

Cones tuned to detect blue, red, and green light and that different levels of stimulus create many different combinations of these three colors to create many more different colors from the original three

Like when mixing colors to make more

25
Q

Opponent process theory

A

Color is processed in opposite pairs like black and white pair, and light that stimulates one half hides or reduces the other half. Like only seeing one half of the moon and the other being dark

26
Q

Pitch

A

The highness or lowness of a sound depending on the frequency

Like singing

27
Q

Hertz

A

Number of sound wave peaks per second, or frequency, of a sound wave

Like when glass shatters from singing

28
Q

Decibel

A

A measure of the hight of a sound wave which determines loudness of sound

A whisper has low decibel and a fire truck siren has high decibels

29
Q

Auditory canal

A

Opening sound waves travel into ear for processing

Metal, unprocessed being put on conveyor belt

30
Q

Eardrum

A

Tissue barrier at end of auditory canal transfers sound vibration from air to three tiny bones

Like a drum

31
Q

Ossicles

A

Three tiny bones that transfers sound waves from eardrum to cochlea

Like structures that hold up buildings

32
Q

Cochlea

A

Snail shaped, bony, fluid filled structure in ear where sound waves are changed to neural impulses

Like a balloon

33
Q

Oval window

A

On surface of cochlea receives sound vibrations from three tiny bones

Like the canvas on drum

34
Q

Hair cells

A

Receptor cells located in cochlea and change sound waves to neural impulses

Similar to the strings

35
Q

Auditory nerve

A

Nerve that carries sound information from ears to temporal lobe of the brain

The strings on a violin

36
Q

Olfactory cells

A

Chemical receptor cells for smell, located in nasal passages

Vacuum

37
Q

Kinesthetic senses

A

System for sensing position and movement of individual body parts

Like the balancer on phone

38
Q

Vestibular senses

A

System for sensing body orientation and balance

Like the balance on the phone

Psychology (15 decks)

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