Neuron And Nervous System Flashcards
What is the Central Nervous System made up of? What is its function?
Brain and Spinal Cord
Process thoughts, feelings
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
What is the Peripheral Nervous System made up of? What is its function?
Nerves and neurons in spinal cord and brain
Communicate with eyes, skin, ears, mouth, control muscles and glands
What are the divisions of the peripheral Nervous system? What are their functions?
Somatic Nervous System: Sensory and voluntary movements
Autonomic Nervous System:Controls everything the Somatic doesn’t, emotions, stress, health
What are the divisions of the Autonomic System? What are their functions?
Sympathetic:Handle stress, fight or flight
Parasympathetic:Restore body to normal function
The flight or fight response is a part of what branch of the nervous system? What is the purpose of this response?
Sympathetic
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
When neuron is waiting for the next action potential
What is the refractory period? What occurs during this period?
Recharging period
Unable to fire
What are the parts of the neuron? What are the functions of each?
Dendrite:Receive information from other neuron
Soma:Body of neuron, keeps nucleus and cell healthy
Axon:Make cell longer and carry messages to axon terminal
Axon terminal:Release chemicals to carry message to next dendrite
What is the point of communication between neurons?
Synapse
How do neurons communicate? Which of these is the most common?
Electrically and chemically
Chemically
What are hormones? What do they do?
No idea
What are the basic types of neurons? What do each of them do?
Sensory, motor, inter
What are neurotransmitters?
Carry messages, each has a distinct shape chemically
What is action potential?
Triggered by chemical signals
What is the limbic system? What makes up the limbic system?
Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus
What are the functions of the hypothalamus? Where is it located?
Regulates body temperature, hunger
Below thalamus
What are the 4 lobes of the brain? What are the primary functions of each?
Frontal:Judgement, creativity, problem solving, planning
Parietal:High sensory and language function
Occipital:Vision
Temporal: Hearing, memory, meaning of language
What is the name of the German neurologist that identified an area on there left temporal lobe responsible for the ability to understand spoken language?
Carl Wernicke
What is the Broca’s area? What is the wernicke’s area? What is the location of each?
Muscles involved with speech, left frontal love
Meaning from words, left temporal lobe
The left hemisphere is known for? The right hemisphere is known for?
Logic
Imagination
What is the Amygdala? What does it do? Where is it located?
Emotions
Back of thalamus
What is the hippocampus? What does it do? Where is it located?
Memorizing
Cerebrum, temporal lobe
What is the pituitary gland? What does it do? Where is it located?
Secretes hormones, controls other glands
Attached near base of brain
What are the 3 parts of the brain?
Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
What does the corpus Callosum do?
Connects the left and right hemispheres
What are fissures? What are the types? Where are they?
Longitudinal:Divides two hemispheres
Transverse:Separates cerebrum from cerebellum
Lateral:Divide temporal from frontal and parietal
What is the cerebellum? What does it do? Where is it located?
Controls balance, coordination,
Below back of brain
