Semester III Ear and Eye (Fredrik) Flashcards
1
Q
Which stain is used?
A
Toludine blue
2
Q
1?
A
1: cuticle
3
Q
2?
A
interdental cell
4
Q
3?
A
3: Vestibular lip of spiral limbus
5
Q
4?
A
4: tympanic lip of spiral limbus
6
Q
5?
A
5: nerve fibres
7
Q
6?
A
6: osseus spiral lamina
8
Q
7?
A
7: inner border cell
9
Q
8?
A
8: inner phalangeal cell
10
Q
9?
A
9: inner pilar cell
11
Q
10?
A
10: inner hair cell
12
Q
11?
A
11: outer hair cell
13
Q
12?
A
12: Deiters phalangeal cells
14
Q
13?
A
13: cuboidal epithelium of scala tympani
15
Q
14?
A
14: Bottcher’s phalangeal cells
16
Q
15?
A
15: Claudials phalangeal cells
17
Q
17?
A
17: reticular membrane (apical process of Deiters’ phalangeal cells)
18
Q
18?
A
18: tectorial membrane
19
Q
19?
A
19: vestibular (Reissner’s) membrane
20
Q
Large black star?
A
Large black star: inner tunnel of Corti
21
Q
Medium black star?
A
Medium black star: space of Nuel
22
Q
Smal black star?
A
Small black star: outer tunnel of Corti
23
Q
Red star?
A
Red star: Scala tympani
24
Q
Green star?
A
Green star: Scala media
25
Blue star?
Blue star: Scala vestibuli
26
What is the name of the indicated structure?
What type of tissue is this?
What is special about the tissue in this structure?
What is the function of this structure?
Stria vesticularis
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Only epithelium in the human body that contains blood vessels
Produces endolymph (composition similar to the ICF)
27
What is the name of the indicated structure?
Where is it situated?
Which cells/microscopical structures are found here?
Spiral ganglion
Spiral canal of the modiolus
Bipolar cells and myelinated nerve fibres (of the cochlear compartment of CN VIIIth)
28
What is the name of this structure?
What type of tissue?
Vestibular (Reissner's) membrane
Connective tissue layer covered by smiple squamous epthelium on both sides
29
Name the indicated structure
What type of tissue is this?
What are the border of this structure?
Function?
Basilari membrane
Connective tissue
Terminates at the crista spiralis
Supporting the organ of corti
30
Name the indicated structure
Organ of corti
60
What fluid is found within..
a) .. the three tunnels of the corti organ?
b) .. cochlear duct?
c) .. scala tympani and scala vestibuli?
a) Corti-lymph (similar ion content to the perilymph)
b) Endolymph (ion composition similar to ICF)
c) Perilymph
61
Name all the layers of the cornea and describe them breifly
**1) Epithelium:**
- stratified squamous non-keratinized
- _no_ connective tissue papillae
**2) Bowman's membrane:**
- Thick acidophilic basment membrane
- Collagen fibres, _no_ cells
**3) Stroma (substansia propria)**
- several layers highly regular collagen fibres, in transparent ground substance
- contains fibroblasts
**4) Descemet's membrane**
- Thin acidophilic basment membrane
- Collagen fibres
**5) Endothelium**
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Serves nutrition to the cornea from the anterior chamber
63
Describe the conjunctiva
- The epithelium of the cornea is continuous with that of the conjunctiva.
- Several connective tissue papilla
- Lamina propria (loose c.t.)
64
Describe the blood supply and innervation of the cornea
Avascular tissue
Rich sensory innervation by the long ciliary nerve (CN.V/1)
66
1. What is the composition (tissue) of the sclera?
2. Which structure is found in the corneo-scleral junction?
3. What is the function of this structure?
1. Made up of dense connective tissue (connective tissue and fibrocytes)
2. Canal of Schlemm (sinus venousus sclerae)
3. Lined by endothelium - draining the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber
67
**Ciliary body**
## Footnote
1) Describe its composition
2) a. What is the indicated structure?
b. What is the function of this structure?
3) Its inner surface is covered by ...
4) a. Which structure is not mentioned so far?
b. What are the two components of this structure?
**1)** Thickening of the vascular coat composed of loose c.t.
**2)** a. Ciliary process
b. production of aqueous humor into the posterior chamber
**3)** Part of the retina - two layers: unpigmented inner and pigmented outer
**4) a.** Ciliary muscle
**b.** 1) Meridional - Bürke portion
2) Readial and circular - Müller portion
68
**Choroid**
## Footnote
A) Where is it located?
B) What are its layers?
**A)** Highly vascular layer on the inner surface of the sclear
**B)** Layers:
* 1. Suprachoroidal lamina* (highly pigmemnted c.t. cells with nerves and vessels)
* 2. Vascular lamina* (arterioles and venules)
* 3. Choriocapillary layer* (network of fenestrated capillaries - nutrition of outer retina)
* 4. Buch's membrane* (lamina basalis - separating it from the retina, elastic and collagen fibres and basal lamina)
69
What are the layers of the blood-retina barrier?
5 layers (in a "choroid to retinal" direction):
- Fenestrated capillaries of the choroid
- Collagen fibres
- Elastic fibres
- Collagen fibres
- Retinal pigment epithelium (with thight junctions)
70
**Retina**
## Footnote
A) What is found behind and in front of the ora serrata?
B) List the layers and describe brifely:
**A)** Behind: photosensitive region
In front: blind region
**B)** Layers:
1. ***Pigment epithelium*** - simple cuboidal epithelial cells with melanin pigment granules
2. ***Rods and cones*** - photosensitive receptor cells
3. ***Outer limiting membrane*** - (very thin - not seen) barrier line, formed by peripherial processes of the Müller glial cells
4. ***Outer granular (nuclear) layer*** - nuclei of rods and cones
5. ***Outer plexiform layer*** - first synaptic layer
6. ***Inner granular (nuclear) layer*** - nuclei of the bipolar cells (and horizontal amacrine cells, and Müllerian glial cells)
7. ***Inner plexiform layer*** - second synaptic layer
8. ***Ganglion cell layer*** - large nuclei of the ganglion cells, usually one row only (forms the optic nerve)
9. ***Optic nerve fibres*** - found together with vessels (branches of central retinal arteries and veins)
10. ***Inner limiting membrane*** - (thin, sharp line) innermost part of vitreous body, made by the inner processes of the Müller glial cells.
72
What are the components of the blood-aqueous humor barrier?
- Basal lamina of the capillaries
- Epithelial cells of the ciliary body (connected with zona occludens) and their basal lamina
73
**Iris**
## Footnote
A) 1. Covers (partly) which other structure of the eye?
2. What is the uncovered part called?
B) List and describe (breifly) the layers:
C) What is the innervation of the dilator - & sphincter pupillae m.?
D) What is the embryonical orgin of dilator pupillae m.?
**A) 1.** Lens
**2.** Pupil
**B)** 1. *Endothelium* - of the anterior chamber, simple squameous epithelium, fibroblasts and pigmented cells
2. *Stroma* - loose c.t. with fibroblasts and pigment c.t. cells., sphincter pupillae m., anastomosing arterioles (greater and lesser iridic circles)
3. *Dilator pupillae m.*
4. *Pigment layer* - double layer of hevaly pigmented melanocytes
**C)** 1. Dilator pupillae m. - parasympathetic (ciliary ggl.)
2. Sphincter pupillae m. - sympathetic
**D)** Neuroectoderm
75
1. Where is the fovea centralis located?
2. What is special for its function?
3. Which receptor cells are found here?
1. In the macula lutea (yellow spot)
2. Area of greatest photosensitivity
3. Only cones
76
1. Another name of the optic disc/optic papilla?
2. Which receptorcells are found here?
3. Which other structures are found here?
1. Blind spot
2. No receptor cells
3. Optic nerve fibres leaves the retina, penetrating through the sclera
77
What covers the optic nerve outside the eye ball?
All three meninges
78
**Lens**
## Footnote
1. What is the outermost layer of the lens?
2. What is found under this layer in tha anterior surface?
3. What cell type makes up the strongly eosinophilic biconvex structure of the lens (the lens itself without covering)?
1. Lens capsule - homogenous
2. Simple cuboidal lens epithelium
3. Lens fibres - (hadrly seen) _not_ connective tissue, derived from surface ectoderm
79
Which stain is used in this slide?
Toludine blue
80
What is the first layer of the retina?
**Pigment epithelium** - simple cuboidal epithelial cells with brown melanin granules
81
What is the second layer of the retina?
**Rods and cones** - blue parallel strucures, thin - rods, thick - cones
82
What is the third layer of the retina?
**Outer limiting membrane** - (very thin - not seen) blue barrier line, formed by peripherial processes of the Müller glial cells
83
What is the fourth layer of the retina?
**Outer granular (nuclear) layer** - very wide layer, densly packed with small dark nuclei of rods and cones
84
What is the fifth layer of the retina?
**Outer plexiform layer** - first synaptic layer, pale region
85
What is the sixth layer of the retina?
**Inner granular (nuclear) layer** - nuclei of the bipolar cells (and horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and Müllerian glial cells), thinner than the outer granular layer - but larger nuclei
86
What is the seveth layer of the retina?
**Inner plexiform layer** - second synaptic layer, pale region
87
What is the eigth layer of the retina?
**Ganglion cell layer** - hardly identifible because there are only a few large but pale ganglion cells, usually one row only (forms the optic nerve). Nucleus and nucleolus may also be seen
88
What is the night layer of the retina?
**Optic nerve fibres** - seen as dark blue structures around the ganglion cells. Capillaries are also seen (from central retinal arteries and veins)
89
What is the tenth layer of the retina?
**Inner limiting membrane** - (thin line) innermost part of vitreous body, made by the inner processes of the Müller glial cells.
