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Y Histology Complete > Semester II, Weeks 6-7 (intestines, GI-assoc. organs) > Flashcards

Semester II, Weeks 6-7 (intestines, GI-assoc. organs) Flashcards

1
Q

What are these structures?

How can you tell?

A

Crypts of Lieberkuhn in the duodenum

(AKA intestinal glands)

  • can see villi so it’s not the stomach
  • visible Brunner’s glands in the submucosa so it’s duodenal, not another part of the intestine
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2
Q

Because of the structures visible in the marked layer we know that the outermost (leftmost) unmarked layer has a certain name.

What is that name and why?

A

Tunica Adventitia

  • because all but the first segment of the duodenum is retroperitoneal (so it’s not serosa)

(the structures in the marked layer are Brunner’s glands, so we know it’s the duodenum)

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3
Q

What are the circled structures called?

A

Folds of Kerckring

AKA plicae circulares

  • large valvular flaps of the intestinal wall for increasing surface area
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4
Q

What are the general layers of the small intestinal wall?

A
  • Tunica Mucosa
    • epithelium
    • lamina propria
    • lamina muscularis mucosae
  • Tela Submucosa
  • Tunica Muscularis
    • inner circular layer
    • outer longitudinal layer
  • Tunica Serosa/Adventitia
    • tela subserosa
    • peritoneum
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5
Q

What are the indicated cells here?

How can you tell?

A

Paneth Cells

  • highly eosinophilic cells lining the bottom of intestinal glands
  • release lysozyme
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6
Q

What layer are these cells part of?

How can you tell?

Similar cells can be found in a layer closer to the lumen… what layer is that?

A

Myenteric Plexus of Auerbach

  • they are seen here between the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the tunica muscularis
  • neurons in the submucosa make up Meissner’s Plexus
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7
Q

What is this organ?

How can you tell?

A

Jejunum

  • has plicae circulares (Kerckring folds), villi and tunica muscularis but does not have Brunner’s glands (duodenal) or Peyer’s patches (ileal)
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8
Q

What is this organ?

How can you tell?

A

Ileum

  • clear Peyer’s patches in the submucosa
  • in a lower magnification, these patches are only on the anti-mesenteric side of the ileum
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9
Q

What are these two circled areas?

A

Lymphocyte Invasion

  • extensions of Peyer’s patches into the tunica mucosa
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10
Q

What is this organ?

How can you tell?

A

Appendix

  • MALT surrounding the entire organ

(unlike the Peyer’s patches’ one-sided MALT presence in the ileum)

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11
Q

What is this organ?

How can you tell?

What is the stain?

A

Liver

  • clear polygonal lobules with central veins
  • AZAN stain (note the slightly blue interlobular CT)
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12
Q

What is this organ?

What are the blue stained areas which intersect at in middle upper portion of the slide?

A

Liver (AZAN stain)

  • interlobular connective tissue stains blue here because of the AZAN stain
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13
Q

What is this organ?

How can you tell?

A

Liver

  • a portal triad is visible just below the pointer
  • hepatocytes and sinusoids are visible in their characteristic cord-like formations (which run toward the central vein of each lobule in lower magnifcation)
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14
Q

What is this circled structure?

What are its contents?

How can they be differentiated?

A

Portal Triad

  • interlobular artery - smaller, thicker walled blood vessel
  • interlobular vein - larger lumen, thinner walled blood vessel
  • interlobular bile duct - simple cuboidal/columnar epi.
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15
Q

What are the different vessels marked 1 through 3?

A
  1. Interlobular Vein
  2. Interlobular Artery
  3. Interlobular Bile Ducts
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16
Q

What organ is this?

How can you tell?

Stain?

A

Liver

  • classic lobule structure with central veins
  • silver nitrate impregnation
17
Q

What organ is this?

How can you tell?

What are the two names for the rightmost layer?

A

Gall Bladder

  • highly folded mucosa w/out goblet cells
  • thin, single layered tunica muscularis
  • no submucosa or muscularis mucosae
  • adventitia/serosa on side facing liver/away from liver, respectively
18
Q

What is this organ?

How can you tell?

A

Pancreas

  • lobular structure with many serous acini
  • presence of islets of Langerhans (slightly lighter spots throughout lobules) differentiate it from the other serous-only gland, the parotid
19
Q

What is the structure at the tip of the pointer?

A

Islet of Langerhans

  • alpha and beta cells secreting glucagon and insulin, respectively
20
Q

What is the cell type indicated by the pointer?

A

centroacinar cells

  • nuclei visible in the center of pancreatic serous acini
  • represent the beginning of an excretory duct lumen

Y Histology Complete (12 decks)

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