Self Identity Flashcards
What is a social-cognitive developmental trend
Children revise their ideas about the causes of behaviour from simple explanations to more complex relationships
As babies feel and watch their own bodies move and feel and hear themselves cry, they experience intermodal matches that support the beginnings of ____________
self-awareness
Children become consciously aware of their own physical features at what age?
during the second year
What leads to the development of an autobiographical memory
Talking about past events with adults
What is the remembered self
Autobiographical memory
Give an example of an enduring self
A four year old identifies a video of him as me
Preschoolers capacity for belief-desire reasoning in evidence on tasks that test _______
false belief
What is the belief-desire theory of mind
Understanding that beliefs and desires determine actions
What predicts ability to pass false belief tasks
Exposure to mental-state words.
How do school age children describe their self identity
Usually through social comparisons
What is a generalised other
What we imagine that other people think we are
How does personal description vary between cultures
Children from individualist cultures are more likely to list more personal preferences, skills and attributes
What is a categorical self
3-5 years - classification on the basis of age, gender, goodness and badness etc
From 6 - 10 years what is the way children describe themselves
Social comparisons,
What child-rearing practice promotes a healthy secure self image
Encouraging children to strive for worthwhile goals
How do preschoolers rate their own ability
Usually overestimate
What is the entity view
view that things cannot be improved by trying hare
What is the incremental view
Can improve through effort and application
What are children who experience constant negative feedback, focus on traits and pressure to focus on performance goals likely to experience
learned helplessness
What is attribute retraining
training that focuses on fostering belief that they can overcome failure by exertion of more effort - tasks are given that produce some failure and then feedback provided that help them to revise attributes
Research on identity development indicates that
Most adolescents go through an identity crisis (exploration) before settling on values and goals.
How is the suicide rate distributed over a lifetime
Increases over lifespan greatest in old age but spikes during adolescence
What is assigning positive attributes to another race termed
out-group favoritism
How does self-esteem relate to prejudice
Those with very high self esteem tend to be more prejudiced
What two factors are in Marcias identity development process
exploration and commitment
Describe identity achievement according to Marcia’s criteria
commitment to values and beliefs following exploration
Describe identity moratoriumaccording to Marcia’s criteria
exploration without commitment
Describe identity foreclosure according to Marcia’s criteria
commitment without exploration
Describe identity diffusion according to Marcia’s criteria
lack of exploration and commitment
During which of Selman’s stages of perspective taking can children understand that people may have different perspectives because they have access to different information
Social-informational - 4-9
In adolescents what is recursive thought
Thinkinhg about what others are thinking
How important is social problem solving
Crucial to development of sound peer relations.
