Language Development

Question 1

According to the behaviourist perspective, children acquire language through

Answer 1

Reinforcement and imitation

Question 2

In contrast to the behaviourist view, the nativist perspective proposes that children

Answer 2

Have an innate language acquisition device (Noam Chomsky)

Question 3

Research on language areas of the brain indicates that

Answer 3

There is a broad Association of language functions with the left hemisphere of the brain not just in Broca’s area (grammatical processing and language production) or Wernicke’s area (comprehension of word meaning).

Question 4

Research on second-language acquisition suggests that

Answer 4

There is a continuous, age-related decrease in the ability to acquire a second language

Question 5

Connectionist models assumed that children

Answer 5

Apply powerful analytic cognitive capacities of a general kind rather than capacities especially keen to language

Question 6

Interactionist theories emphasise the interactions between

Answer 6

Native capacity, desire to understand others and be understood, rich language environment

Question 7

From birth children prefer __________________ over other kinds of adult talk

Answer 7

Child-directed speech

Question 8

Describe child-directed speech

Answer 8

Short sentences, higher pitch, exaggerated pronunciation, or distinct pauses, repetition of new words in a variety of contexts

Question 9

Describe the difference in language acquisition in between deaf infants and hearing infants

Answer 9

Babbling at about the same age but babbling does not develop further

Question 10

What is joint attention

Answer 10

Child attending to the same object or event as caregiver

Question 11

What is proto-declarative language

Answer 11

Baby points to, touches or holds up an object require looking at others to make sure that that a notice

Question 12

What is proto-imperative language

Answer 12

Maybe get someone to do something by reaching, pointing and often making sounds

Question 13

What does phonological development depend on

Answer 13

Ability to attend to sound sequences, produce sounds and combine them into words and phrases

Question 14

A child of one and a half to 2 uses words such as tuck for truck and pate instead of plate - what is this

Answer 14

Focusing on stressed syllables

Question 15

On average children say there first words at _____ months

Answer 15

12

Question 16

The majority of words in an 18 months-old vocabulary are likely to be _______ words

Answer 16

Object

Question 17

What is fast-mapping

Answer 17

The ability to be able to connect a new word with an underlying concept after only a brief encounter

Question 18

What is referential style

Answer 18

Vocabularies consisting mainly of words that refer to objects

Question 19

What is expressive style

Answer 19

Referential style with many more social formulas and pronouns

Question 20

19 months old Zachariah uses the word dog only to refer to his pet dog and does not apply the dog label to any other. What is this called?

Answer 20

Under extension

Question 21

What is over extension

Answer 21

Applying a word to a broader collection of objects than is appropriate e.g. using the word car for buses trains trucks etc

Question 22

What do toddlers and preschoolers rely heavily on when learning new nouns

Answer 22

Shape

Question 23

What is syntactic boot-strapping

Answer 23

Learning to use the word by observing how words are used in syntax

Question 24

Grammatical morphimes are

Answer 24

Market is change the meaning of sentences such as he is; acquired in a regular sequence

Question 25

A child tells her father, “I finded my shovel” and her father replies yes you’ve found your shovel. This is called __________

Answer 25

Recasting

Question 26

When a child understands intent where there is no statement that is specific what is this called

Answer 26

Illocutionary intent

Question 27

What is likely to be the form of narrative of a preschooler

Answer 27

Firstly likely to be leap-frog then followed by chronological

Question 28

What is true about bilingualism

Answer 28

Bilingual children are often advanced cognitively

Question 29

What is a criticism of Chomsky’s language acquisition device

Answer 29

Children’s mastery of medical forms is not immediate but rather continual and gradual

Question 30

Recent ideas about language development emphasise interactions between

Answer 30

Inner capacity and environmental influence

Question 31

Newborns are sensitive toa wider range of ______ with than children or adults_

Answer 31

Phonemes

Question 32

When a six-month old says daaa daa he or she is

Answer 32

Babbling

Question 33

When a child uses terms such as, “ I runned fast” he or she is

Answer 33

over regularisation