Language Development Flashcards
According to the behaviourist perspective, children acquire language through
Reinforcement and imitation
In contrast to the behaviourist view, the nativist perspective proposes that children
Have an innate language acquisition device (Noam Chomsky)
Research on language areas of the brain indicates that
There is a broad Association of language functions with the left hemisphere of the brain not just in Broca’s area (grammatical processing and language production) or Wernicke’s area (comprehension of word meaning).
Research on second-language acquisition suggests that
There is a continuous, age-related decrease in the ability to acquire a second language
Connectionist models assumed that children
Apply powerful analytic cognitive capacities of a general kind rather than capacities especially keen to language
Interactionist theories emphasise the interactions between
Native capacity, desire to understand others and be understood, rich language environment
From birth children prefer __________________ over other kinds of adult talk
Child-directed speech
Describe child-directed speech
Short sentences, higher pitch, exaggerated pronunciation, or distinct pauses, repetition of new words in a variety of contexts
Describe the difference in language acquisition in between deaf infants and hearing infants
Babbling at about the same age but babbling does not develop further
What is joint attention
Child attending to the same object or event as caregiver
What is proto-declarative language
Baby points to, touches or holds up an object require looking at others to make sure that that a notice
What is proto-imperative language
Maybe get someone to do something by reaching, pointing and often making sounds
What does phonological development depend on
Ability to attend to sound sequences, produce sounds and combine them into words and phrases
A child of one and a half to 2 uses words such as tuck for truck and pate instead of plate - what is this
Focusing on stressed syllables
On average children say there first words at _____ months
12
The majority of words in an 18 months-old vocabulary are likely to be _______ words
Object
What is fast-mapping
The ability to be able to connect a new word with an underlying concept after only a brief encounter
What is referential style
Vocabularies consisting mainly of words that refer to objects
What is expressive style
Referential style with many more social formulas and pronouns
19 months old Zachariah uses the word dog only to refer to his pet dog and does not apply the dog label to any other. What is this called?
Under extension
What is over extension
Applying a word to a broader collection of objects than is appropriate e.g. using the word car for buses trains trucks etc
What do toddlers and preschoolers rely heavily on when learning new nouns
Shape
What is syntactic boot-strapping
Learning to use the word by observing how words are used in syntax
Grammatical morphimes are
Market is change the meaning of sentences such as he is; acquired in a regular sequence
A child tells her father, “I finded my shovel” and her father replies yes you’ve found your shovel. This is called __________
Recasting
When a child understands intent where there is no statement that is specific what is this called
Illocutionary intent
What is likely to be the form of narrative of a preschooler
Firstly likely to be leap-frog then followed by chronological
What is true about bilingualism
Bilingual children are often advanced cognitively
What is a criticism of Chomsky’s language acquisition device
Children’s mastery of medical forms is not immediate but rather continual and gradual
Recent ideas about language development emphasise interactions between
Inner capacity and environmental influence
Newborns are sensitive toa wider range of ______ with than children or adults_
Phonemes
When a six-month old says daaa daa he or she is
Babbling
When a child uses terms such as, “ I runned fast” he or she is
over regularisation
