Moral Development Flashcards
What are Piaget’s two stages of moral development
Heteronomous and Autonomous
What do is ethnological research on moral behaviour show
Human morality has an evolutionary basis
Both psychoanalytic theory and social learning theory view moral development as a matter of
internalisation of societal standards
Induction where an adult points out misbehaviour is
promotes conscience formation as early as 2 years
What Freudian concept is support by current research on moral development
Guilt as a motivator
Modelling of prosocial behaviour
Is highly influential in the early years
Research on ethnic differences in the use of physical punishment suggests that mild physical punishment
Has different consequences in different cultural settings
Cognitive development theorists believe that moral development occurs through
Construction - attending to different aspects of a situation
According to Piaget _ facilitates transition to autonomous moralitiy
Peer interactions and release from adult control
Research evaluating Piaget’s theory shows that ______
Underestimate the moral capacities of younger children
When a child responds with he shouldn’t have done it because he might have to go to jail what stage is the child in
Preconventional - external control
What does research show about Kohlberg’s’ stages
Cognitive and perspective taking attainments are necessary but not sufficient
Research shows that moral reasoning only advances in late adolesence when
a person remains in school - extension to entire political and cultural groups.
What is true of moral reasoning and Moral behaviour
Moral reasoning strongly predicts moral behaviour.
What is the main criticism of Kohberg’s stages
It inadequately accounts for moral reasoning in real life. - Stages 5 and 6 are quite rare
How do children as young as 3 or 4 view the breaking of different moral conventions
They judge moral violations more harshly than violations of social convention
What is distributive Justice
Beliefs about how to divide material goods fairly
What are children’s ideas on distributive justice in middle childhood based on
Merit.
What are the three stages of distributive justice
Strict equality, Merit, Equity and benevolence
Between 12 and 18 months what is the first form of self-control evidenced
Compliance
What is hot processing
Simple, reflexive, fast emotional.
What are the two types of aggression identified
Proactive - act to fulfill desire, Reactive, hostile; angry and defensive
When a child is exluded from a social group what form of aggression is this
relational
How does aggression change from 3-6 years
pysical aggression decreases but verbal aggression increases
How does gender effect aggression in adolescence
Gender gap in physical aggression widens
Highly aggressive children are likely to ___
become aggressive later. Aggression that first appears in adolescence is less an indicator.
How do aggressive children view hostile intent
They often see it when it doesn’t exist
Which approach to reduce aggression does not work
Zero tolerance policies
