Gender role

Question 1

The instrumental-expressive dichotomy is

Answer 1

widely held cross-culturally

Question 2

Define gender stereotype

Answer 2

widely held beliefs about characteristics deemed appropriate for males and females

Question 3

What is preschool attitude to gender stereotype

Answer 3

inflexible

Question 4

What happens to gender stereotyping in middle childhood and adolescence

Answer 4

declines

Question 5

By end of middle childhood children _____

Answer 5

develop more open minded view of gender roles

Question 6

What is a good predictor of gender-role adoption in middle childhood

Answer 6

stereotype flexibility- children who believe that many stereotyped characteristics are appropriate for all are more flexible in adulthood

Question 7

Maccoby’s research on play indicates

Answer 7

hormonal differences effect styles of play

Question 8

Define gender roles

Answer 8

reflection of stereotypes in behaviour

Question 9

Define gender identity

Answer 9

personal reflection on self as relatively masculine or feminine

Question 10

Define gender typing

Answer 10

Association of roles, objects, activities etc with gender

Question 11

Studies of exceptional sexual development reveal sex hormones ___

Answer 11

influence gender typing

Question 12

What is CAH

Answer 12

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. - production of androgen

Question 13

What is the influence on CAH

Answer 13

Girls exposed produce more masculine gender roles - boys unaffected

Question 14

What 2 factors support biological determination of gender typing

Answer 14

1. cross cultural similarity, hormone effects

Question 15

Teachers more often

Answer 15

interrupt girls than boys; praise boys for knowledge girls for obedience, respond more forcefully to boys misbehaviour

Question 16

What is androgyny

Answer 16

both male and female characteristics

Question 17

Are androgynous women more or less better adjusted

Answer 17

more

Question 18

What are kohlberg’s 3 stages of development of gender constancy

Answer 18

Labelling, stability and constancy

Question 19

Describe Gender Labelling K1

Answer 19

early preschool, label gender correctly but think for example a girl can become a daddy

Question 20

Describe Gender Stability K2

Answer 20

Partial understanding of permanence of gender understand girls become women still think that changing dress etc will change a person’s sex

Question 21

Describe Gender Consistency K3

Answer 21

late preschool - understand biological basis

Question 22

Research on gender constancy suggests

Answer 22

understanding of gender constancy leads to gender-stereotype flexibility

Question 23

What changes to gender identity take place in middle childhood

Answer 23

boys become more masculine - girls more androgynous

Question 24

During which phase do girls experience gender itensification

Answer 24

early adolescence

Question 25

Gender schema theory stresses

Answer 25

how environmental experiences and children’s cognitions act together to shape gender typing.

Question 26

When do boys begin to outperform mathematics

Answer 26

early adolescence

Question 27

_______ are especially prone to depression in adolescence

Answer 27

early maturing girls

Question 28

How do young boys react to parental arguing

Answer 28

with hostility rather than withdrawal