Gender role Flashcards
The instrumental-expressive dichotomy is
widely held cross-culturally
Define gender stereotype
widely held beliefs about characteristics deemed appropriate for males and females
What is preschool attitude to gender stereotype
inflexible
What happens to gender stereotyping in middle childhood and adolescence
declines
By end of middle childhood children _____
develop more open minded view of gender roles
What is a good predictor of gender-role adoption in middle childhood
stereotype flexibility- children who believe that many stereotyped characteristics are appropriate for all are more flexible in adulthood
Maccoby’s research on play indicates
hormonal differences effect styles of play
Define gender roles
reflection of stereotypes in behaviour
Define gender identity
personal reflection on self as relatively masculine or feminine
Define gender typing
Association of roles, objects, activities etc with gender
Studies of exceptional sexual development reveal sex hormones ___
influence gender typing
What is CAH
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. - production of androgen
What is the influence on CAH
Girls exposed produce more masculine gender roles - boys unaffected
What 2 factors support biological determination of gender typing
- cross cultural similarity, hormone effects
Teachers more often
interrupt girls than boys; praise boys for knowledge girls for obedience, respond more forcefully to boys misbehaviour
What is androgyny
both male and female characteristics
Are androgynous women more or less better adjusted
more
What are kohlberg’s 3 stages of development of gender constancy
Labelling, stability and constancy
Describe Gender Labelling K1
early preschool, label gender correctly but think for example a girl can become a daddy
Describe Gender Stability K2
Partial understanding of permanence of gender understand girls become women still think that changing dress etc will change a person’s sex
Describe Gender Consistency K3
late preschool - understand biological basis
Research on gender constancy suggests
understanding of gender constancy leads to gender-stereotype flexibility
What changes to gender identity take place in middle childhood
boys become more masculine - girls more androgynous
During which phase do girls experience gender itensification
early adolescence
Gender schema theory stresses
how environmental experiences and children’s cognitions act together to shape gender typing.
When do boys begin to outperform mathematics
early adolescence
_______ are especially prone to depression in adolescence
early maturing girls
How do young boys react to parental arguing
with hostility rather than withdrawal
