Emotional Development Flashcards
Functionalist theorists emphasise _
function of emotions is to energise behaviour in achieving personal goals.
Functionalist believe that emotions arise from _______
Personally relevant events
What is an effective intervention for depressed parents
therapy that revises negative views of their babies and teaches caregiveing skills
What are the basic emotions (6)
happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise
When does anger begin to show in infants
4-6 months
What is the research about stranger anxiety
Anxiety is reduced if caregiver is nearby
When do self-conscious emotions appear
end of second year
What self conscious emotions are linked to maladjustment and to adjustment
maladjustment - shame; adjustment - guilt
What is emotional self-regulation
strategies used to adjust the intensity or duration of an emotion
What is the difference between emotion and problem centred coping
Problem centred- appraise situation as changeable, and decide what to do about it; emotion positive self talk when nothing can be done about the situation
What are emotional display rules
Societal rules that specify when it is appropriate to express emotion
What do preschoolers emphasises when discussing emotions
External over internal factors
At what age do children begin to display empathy
Around age 2
What are the 3 forms of temperament
easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up
What is effortful control
In Rothbart’s model - ability to regulate emotional activity
What is the research on stability of temperament
Only low to moderate and then only after age 3
What does persistence correlate with
IQ
What does the goodness of fit model propose
How temperament and environment can react together to produce a positive outcome
What is the ethological theory of attachment
Emotional tie to the caregiver is adaptive
At what stage do infants first evidence a sense of trust
Attachment in the making (Bowlby)
What is the internal working model
A set of expectations about the availability of attachment
What is the attachment Q-sort
method used for children between 1 and 4 - home observations
What are the 4 attachment styles
Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganised
Features of avoidant style
Not distressed when caregiver leaves, unresponsive, react to strangers in the same way as caregiver
Features of resistant style
Close to parent, fail to explore, distressed when parent leaves, clingy and sometimes angry when parent returns
Features of disorganised
Confused contradictory behaviour
What insecure attachment behaviour is retained at a high level (70%)
disorganised
Resistant babies tend to recieve _____ care
overprotective
What does research show regarding the relationship between infant characteristics and attachment quality
maternal problems are far more predictive of of attachment problems than infant characteristics
How does the parental internal working model
The way adults view their own childhood rather than actual events is influential
How does father’s interaction with child differ from mother’s
tend to engage in more physically arousing play
What determines whether attachment security is linked to later development
Continuity of care giving.
