Emotional Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Functionalist theorists emphasise _

A

function of emotions is to energise behaviour in achieving personal goals.

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2
Q

Functionalist believe that emotions arise from _______

A

Personally relevant events

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3
Q

What is an effective intervention for depressed parents

A

therapy that revises negative views of their babies and teaches caregiveing skills

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4
Q

What are the basic emotions (6)

A

happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise

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5
Q

When does anger begin to show in infants

A

4-6 months

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6
Q

What is the research about stranger anxiety

A

Anxiety is reduced if caregiver is nearby

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7
Q

When do self-conscious emotions appear

A

end of second year

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8
Q

What self conscious emotions are linked to maladjustment and to adjustment

A

maladjustment - shame; adjustment - guilt

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9
Q

What is emotional self-regulation

A

strategies used to adjust the intensity or duration of an emotion

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10
Q

What is the difference between emotion and problem centred coping

A

Problem centred- appraise situation as changeable, and decide what to do about it; emotion positive self talk when nothing can be done about the situation

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11
Q

What are emotional display rules

A

Societal rules that specify when it is appropriate to express emotion

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12
Q

What do preschoolers emphasises when discussing emotions

A

External over internal factors

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13
Q

At what age do children begin to display empathy

A

Around age 2

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14
Q

What are the 3 forms of temperament

A

easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up

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15
Q

What is effortful control

A

In Rothbart’s model - ability to regulate emotional activity

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16
Q

What is the research on stability of temperament

A

Only low to moderate and then only after age 3

17
Q

What does persistence correlate with

A

IQ

18
Q

What does the goodness of fit model propose

A

How temperament and environment can react together to produce a positive outcome

19
Q

What is the ethological theory of attachment

A

Emotional tie to the caregiver is adaptive

20
Q

At what stage do infants first evidence a sense of trust

A

Attachment in the making (Bowlby)

21
Q

What is the internal working model

A

A set of expectations about the availability of attachment

22
Q

What is the attachment Q-sort

A

method used for children between 1 and 4 - home observations

23
Q

What are the 4 attachment styles

A

Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganised

24
Q

Features of avoidant style

A

Not distressed when caregiver leaves, unresponsive, react to strangers in the same way as caregiver

25
Q

Features of resistant style

A

Close to parent, fail to explore, distressed when parent leaves, clingy and sometimes angry when parent returns

26
Q

Features of disorganised

A

Confused contradictory behaviour

27
Q

What insecure attachment behaviour is retained at a high level (70%)

A

disorganised

28
Q

Resistant babies tend to recieve _____ care

A

overprotective

29
Q

What does research show regarding the relationship between infant characteristics and attachment quality

A

maternal problems are far more predictive of of attachment problems than infant characteristics

30
Q

How does the parental internal working model

A

The way adults view their own childhood rather than actual events is influential

31
Q

How does father’s interaction with child differ from mother’s

A

tend to engage in more physically arousing play

32
Q

What determines whether attachment security is linked to later development

A

Continuity of care giving.