Emotional Development Flashcards

1
Q

Functionalist theorists emphasise _

A

function of emotions is to energise behaviour in achieving personal goals.

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2
Q

Functionalist believe that emotions arise from _______

A

Personally relevant events

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3
Q

What is an effective intervention for depressed parents

A

therapy that revises negative views of their babies and teaches caregiveing skills

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4
Q

What are the basic emotions (6)

A

happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, surprise

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5
Q

When does anger begin to show in infants

A

4-6 months

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6
Q

What is the research about stranger anxiety

A

Anxiety is reduced if caregiver is nearby

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7
Q

When do self-conscious emotions appear

A

end of second year

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8
Q

What self conscious emotions are linked to maladjustment and to adjustment

A

maladjustment - shame; adjustment - guilt

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9
Q

What is emotional self-regulation

A

strategies used to adjust the intensity or duration of an emotion

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10
Q

What is the difference between emotion and problem centred coping

A

Problem centred- appraise situation as changeable, and decide what to do about it; emotion positive self talk when nothing can be done about the situation

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11
Q

What are emotional display rules

A

Societal rules that specify when it is appropriate to express emotion

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12
Q

What do preschoolers emphasises when discussing emotions

A

External over internal factors

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13
Q

At what age do children begin to display empathy

A

Around age 2

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14
Q

What are the 3 forms of temperament

A

easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up

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15
Q

What is effortful control

A

In Rothbart’s model - ability to regulate emotional activity

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16
Q

What is the research on stability of temperament

A

Only low to moderate and then only after age 3

17
Q

What does persistence correlate with

18
Q

What does the goodness of fit model propose

A

How temperament and environment can react together to produce a positive outcome

19
Q

What is the ethological theory of attachment

A

Emotional tie to the caregiver is adaptive

20
Q

At what stage do infants first evidence a sense of trust

A

Attachment in the making (Bowlby)

21
Q

What is the internal working model

A

A set of expectations about the availability of attachment

22
Q

What is the attachment Q-sort

A

method used for children between 1 and 4 - home observations

23
Q

What are the 4 attachment styles

A

Secure, avoidant, resistant, disorganised

24
Q

Features of avoidant style

A

Not distressed when caregiver leaves, unresponsive, react to strangers in the same way as caregiver

25
Features of resistant style
Close to parent, fail to explore, distressed when parent leaves, clingy and sometimes angry when parent returns
26
Features of disorganised
Confused contradictory behaviour
27
What insecure attachment behaviour is retained at a high level (70%)
disorganised
28
Resistant babies tend to recieve _____ care
overprotective
29
What does research show regarding the relationship between infant characteristics and attachment quality
maternal problems are far more predictive of of attachment problems than infant characteristics
30
How does the parental internal working model
The way adults view their own childhood rather than actual events is influential
31
How does father's interaction with child differ from mother's
tend to engage in more physically arousing play
32
What determines whether attachment security is linked to later development
Continuity of care giving.