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Developmental Psychology > Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Cognitive Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does Piaget’s theory have a biological bias

A

Initial training and education in zoology

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2
Q

Why is Piaget’s theory described as constructivist

A

Children discovering or constructing knowledge of the world through their own activity

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3
Q

What are schemes

A

Mental representations or internal depictions of information that a mind can manipulate

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4
Q

In Piaget’s theory what is adaptation

A

Building schemes through direct interaction with the environment comprising two complimentary activities: assimilation, accommodation

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5
Q

What is assimilation

A

Using current schemes to interpret the external world

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6
Q

What is accommodation

A

Creates new schemes or adjust old ones after noticing the current way of thinking does not capture the environment completely

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7
Q

What is equilibrium

A

Children are not changing their schemes they assimilate more than they accommodate

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8
Q

What is disequilibrium

A

Cognitive discomfort moving from assimilation to accommodation

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9
Q

What is the process of back and forth movement between equilibrium and disequilibrium

A

Equilibration

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10
Q

According to Piaget’s which stages the most complex because of the greatest amount of accommodation taking place

A

The sensorimotor stage

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11
Q

What are the age groupings for the sensorimotor stage

A

Birth to 2 years

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12
Q

What is primary circular reaction

A

Largely motivated by basic needs, repeating chance behaviours, e.g. thumb sucking

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13
Q

What are secondary circular reactions

A

Actions aimed at repeating interesting events in the surrounding environment; around four months

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14
Q

What method to researchers studying infant cognition often use to determine what infant understand about the physical world

A

Violation-of-expectation

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15
Q

According to Piaget’s categories are ________________ in early infancy, but become more __________________ in later infancy.

A

Perceptual, conceptual

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16
Q

At 7 to 8 months infants develop intentional means-action sequences. What does this mean?

A

A problem-solving strategy, such as pulling on a string to obtain a toy.

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17
Q

What suggests more effective problem-solving strategies that Piaget’s theory suggests?

A

As early as 10 to 12 months infants can engage in analogical problem-solving: applying a solution strategy from one problem to other relevant problems.

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18
Q

In which of Piaget’s stages does socio-dramatic play first occur

A

The preoperational stage

19
Q

What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?

A

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.

20
Q

Define sociodramatic play

A

Make-believe play with others

21
Q

What that Piaget’s believe to be the main benefit of socio dramatic play

A

Exercising representational schemes

22
Q

What does current research suggest about make-believe play

A

Piaget’s scheme too limited -not only reflects but also contributes to children’s social and cognitive development

23
Q

What are the three stages of drawing development in the preoperational stage

A

Scribbles; first representational forms (first labelling of shapes); more realistic drawings (5 to 6 years of age)

24
Q

Piaget used the three mountain problem to demonstrate what?

A

Egocentrism

25
Q

What is animistic thinking

A

Inanimate objects have lifelike quality such as thoughts and feelings

26
Q

What is conservation

A

The idea that physical characteristics of an object remains the same even when their outward appearance changes

27
Q

What is one cause of preoperational children’s inability to conserve

A

Centration: focus on one aspect but neglecting others

28
Q

What doe follow-up research on preoperational thought show

A

When children are given simplified, relevant tasks, they do better than Piaget’s predicted

29
Q

In which age group is concrete operational thought found

A

In ages 7 to 11 years

30
Q

What things appear in the concrete operational phase

A

Conservation: classification: seriation: spatial reasoning

31
Q

What is transitive reasoning

A

The ability to infer that if a is longer than b and B is longer than C then a must be longer than C

32
Q

In order to make predictions and test inferences students must be able to use what kind of thought?

A

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

33
Q

What is propositional thought

A

Ability to evaluate logic of propositions (verbal statements) without referring to real world circumstances

34
Q

What is imaginary audience

A

Belief in adolescents that they are the focus of everybody’s attention

35
Q

What is the personal fable

A

Due to imagine the audience and inflated opinion of their own importance (special and unique)

36
Q

What is the core knowledge perspective propose

A

Begin life with innate special-purpose knowledge systems known as core domains of thought permitting a ready grasp of new related information

37
Q

What is theory theory

A

Children as theorists, (test naive theories against real-life and experience when it cannot account for new information)

38
Q

Which domain in theory theory develops last

A

Biological

39
Q

According to Vygotski, what is the main force that drives children’s cognitive development

A

Effects of social and cultural context

40
Q

What is the purpose of private speech

A

A form of self guidance used when tasks are appropriately challenging

41
Q

What is the zone of proximal development

A

A range of tasks too difficult for the child to do alone but possible with the help of adults and more skilled peers

42
Q

What is scaffolding

A

Adjusting support offered to fit the child’s current level of performance

43
Q

What is Vygotski’s view of make-believe play

A

Source of development in which children advance themselves as they try out new or challenging skills

44
Q

What do Vygotskian classrooms promote

A

Assisted discovery in which teachers guide children’s learning

Developmental Psychology (11 decks)

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