Self Determination Theory (1+2)

Question 1

What are the 3 psychological needs?

Answer 1

Competence - we want to experience mastery, to understand how to do something

Autonomy - we want to ‘own’ our decisions and feel that actions emanate from the self

Relatedness - to care for others and have them care for you, to feel others relate to yourself

Intrinsic Motivation is highest when a context allows all these needs to be satisfied

Question 2

What did Deci et al (1999) find?

Answer 2

Tangible expected rewards had a negative effect on free choice behaviour (-.34)

Tangible unexpected had no relationship

Verbal rewards had a positive effect (0.33)

Question 3

What are the two types of rewards?

Answer 3

Informational reward - related to a competence need

Controlling reward - related to autonomy/self-determination need

Question 4

On the self-determination continuum, what are the extrinsic motivators?

Answer 4

External, introjected, identified -> motivation type

Question 5

What is introjected regulation?

Answer 5

The person takes in a value but does not accept it as their own, they have internal pressures to act

Question 6

What is identified regulation?

Answer 6

The behaviour emanates from the self, and the person doing the activity accepts responsibility for their actions

Question 7

What is self determination theory?

Answer 7

Social environment -> competence/autonomy/relatedness -> motivation types -> outcomes

Question 8

What did Mageu and Vallerand (2003) find in respect to certain coaching behaviours that are autonomy supportive?

Answer 8

• Providing opportunity for choice
• providing non-controlling competence feedback
• acknowledgment of others feelings and perspectives
• providing a meaningful rationale

Question 9

What did Adie et al (2008) find in respect to autonomy support?

Answer 9

That there were positive associations between autonomy support and the 3 psychological needs. He also showed positive links for the 3 needs with subjective vitality. Only negative association was between autonomy and emotional/physical exhaustion

Question 10

Which of the 3 extrinsic factors are most self-determined in the self-determination continuum?

Answer 10

External - introjected - identified - intrinsic

Non self determined self-determined

Question 11

In respect to the ‘outcomes’ portion of the self-determination model, what are some positive and negative outcomes?

Answer 11

Positive outcomes -> enjoyment, subjective vitality, effort, persistence

Negative outcomes -> emotional exhaustion, negative emotions, anti-social behaviour

Question 12

Which of the motivational climates meets the 3 needs?

Answer 12

A mastery climate, where every player has a role to play and the coach rewards effort and improvement

Question 13

What did Sarazin et al (2002) find in respect to motivational climate and the psychological needs?

Answer 13

That mastery climate had positive links with all 3 psychological needs indicating a mastery climate is key for kids to not drop out

Question 14

The social environment (eg. A coach) can be what?

Answer 14

Either autonomy supportive or controlling

Coaches can perform in a pressurizing manner to impose a specific way of thinking etc

Question 15

What are some examples of the ways a coach can pressuarize an athlete into having a certain mindset etc.

Answer 15

Rewards - extrinsic reward

Negative conditional regard - withholding attention when desired attributes not shown

Intimidation

Excessive personal control -eg limit setting

Judging and devaluing

Question 16

What did Blanchard et al (2009) find when looking at controlling coach style and athletes?

Answer 16

Positive links with all 3 needs and cohesion

However the controlling style had a negative link with autonomy

Therefore controlling behaviours should be avoided at all costs and we should promote an autonomy supportive and mastery orientated environment