Attributions in Sport Flashcards
What is an attribution?
An explanation of the outcome of a task or event
What is Wieners model of attribution?
Locus of stability (stable or unstable)
Locus of causality (internal or external)
Stable,internal - ability
Stable,external - task difficulty
Unstable,internal -effort
Unstable,external - luck
Weiner later added controlablilty - do we control over success/failure
What is self-serving bias?
The idea that we attribute success to internal factors and attribute failure to external factors as a way of protecting our self-esteem
What do those with low- esteem tend to do?
Attribute failure to internal reasons (eg. I’m fucking shit)
What can the way we attribute our success/failure influence?
Emotions
Future expectancies
Actual behaviour
In terms of locus of causality and emotions, what does internal, failure lead to?
Shame
In terms of controllability and emotions, what do self directed and other direction lead to?
Self directed
Controlled - guilt
Uncontrollable - shame
Other directed
Controlled - anger
Uncontrollable - pity
What will influence future expectancies of performances?
The stability dimension
Stable (ability) - future outcomes remain same
Unstable (luck) - future outcomes will change
What is learned helplessness?
The belief that you are fucked and that the outcome is out of your control
How does learned helplessness manifest?
Motivational deficits (shying away)
Cognitions (neg statements)
Emotions (neg emotions)
When is learned helplessness greatest?
When failure is perceived as internal, stable and uncontrollable
What is attribution retraining?
The idea of changing attributions to improve self-esteemed and prevent learned helplessness
Failure - unstable, internal (effort)
Success - stable,internal (ability)
What did Dweck (1975) find when he looked at changing attributions to alleviate learned helplessness?
The AR group performed better than SO group in mid and post training
A smaller decrease in maths performance in AR group
