Seizure and epilepsy

Question 1

Transient occurrence of signs or symptoms caused by a self-limited, abnormal, hypersynchronous electrical discharge of cortical neurons

Answer 1

Seizure

Question 2

Features of automatism

Answer 2

Lip-smacking
Repeated swallowing
Chewing
Picking motions with hands

Question 3

Seizure type associated with automatism

Answer 3

Complex partial/impaired awareness focal

Question 4

Most common focal area in complex partial seizures

Answer 4

Temporal lobes (70-80%)

Question 5

Phases of tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 5

Abrupt LOC
Bilateral tonic extension
Clonic phase
Postictal phase

Question 6

Types of motor generalized seizures

Answer 6

Tonic-clonic
Atonic
Myoclonic

Question 7

EEG hallmark of absence seizures

Answer 7

Generalized symmetric 3 Hz spike

Question 8

Seizure type associated with burst firing of thalamocortical fibers Ca channels that tends to be provoked by hyperventilation

Answer 8

Absence seizure

Question 9

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy the presents as bilateral myoclonic jerks between the ages of 10-20 yo

Answer 9

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Question 10

EEG findings in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 10

4-5 Hz generalized spike wave discharges

Question 11

Severe form of childhood epilepsy with multiple seizure types and cognitive impairment

Answer 11

Lennox-Gestaut syndrome

Question 12

EEG finding in Lennox-Gestaut syndrome

Answer 12

<3 Hz slow spike and wave discharges

Question 13

Underlying CNS pathologies that may be identified in Lennox-Gestaut syndrome

Answer 13

Tuberous sclerosis
Perinatal hypoxia/ischemia
Meningitis
Developmental brain malformations

Question 14

Age of onset in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 14

7-20 yo

Question 15

Focal seizures with impairment of consciousness, commonly with aura, in pts with a history of febrile seizures

Answer 15

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Question 16

EEG findings in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 16

Focal spike waves over temporal lobes

Question 17

MRI findings in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 17

Hippocampal sclerosis