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Neuro II > PNS disorders > Flashcards

PNS disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral senses with heavily myelinated fibers

A

Touch
Vibration
Proprioception

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2
Q

Peripheral senses with less myelinated or unmyelinated fibers

A

Pain and temperature

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3
Q

Mildest grade of peripheral nerve injury where axonal continuity is maintained

A

Neuropraxia

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4
Q

Causes of neuropraxia

A

Compression
Ischemia
Metabolic derangement
Demyelinating disease

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5
Q

Peripheral nerve injury grade where axon is damaged, but there is preservation of surrounding CT

A

Axonotmesis

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6
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

Axon and myelin degeneration distal to site of injury

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7
Q

Characteristics of central chromatolysis

A

Swelling of neuronal body
Disruption of Nissl granules in center
Displacement of nucleus to periphery

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8
Q

Peripheral nerve injury grade characterized by complete nerve transection

A

Neurotmesis

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9
Q

Benign painful nodular thickening that can be produced by failure of the outgrowing axons to find their distal target

A

Traumatic neuroma

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10
Q

Acute peripheral neuropathy timing

A

<4 weeks

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11
Q

Subacute peripheral neuropathy timing

A

4-8 weeks

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12
Q

Chronic peripheral neuropathy timing

A

> 8 weeks

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13
Q

Pattern of peripheral nerve injury characterized by several nerves in a haphazard fashion

A

Mononeuropathy multiplex

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14
Q

Another name for Guillain Barre syndrome

A

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)

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15
Q

Rapidly evolving, areflexic, motor paralysis with or without sensory disturbance of PNS. Ascending, symmetric, flaccid paralysis

A

Guillain Barre syndrome

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16
Q

Complication of lower cranial nerve involvement in Guillain Barre syndrome

A

Causes bulbar weakness with difficulty in handling secretions and maintaining an airway

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17
Q

Antibodies implicated in Guillain Barre syndrome

A

Against unidentified myelin antigens and GM1/GD1b

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18
Q

Histology shows endoneurial inflammatory infiltration in PNS

A

Guillain Barre syndrome

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19
Q

Nerve conduction study findings in Guillain Barre syndrome

A

Slow conduction velocity
Prolonged distal latency
Preserved amplitude

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20
Q

CSF analysis shows albumino-cytological dissociation with normal cell count and elevated proteins. There is little to no CSF pleocytosis.

A

Guillain Barre syndrome

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21
Q

Treatment for Guillain Barre syndrome

A

Plasmapheresis and IV immunoglobulin

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22
Q

Types of infectious polyneuropathies

A

Leprosy
Diphtheria
Shingles

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23
Q

Pathophysiology of leprosy polyneuropathy

A

Schwann cells are invaded by Mycobacterium leprae

24
Q

Segmental demyelination, remyelination, and loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons, often affecting superficial cutaneous nerves of the ears and distal limbs

A

Leprosy

25
Q

Pathophysiology of diphtheria polyneuropathy

A

Exotoxin

26
Q

Mutation in CMT type 1

A

Peripheral myelin protein PMP22 in chromosome 17p12 leading to formation of unstable myelin

27
Q

Pt presents between first to third decade with distal symmetrical leg weakness and calf atrophy, sensory loss, and pes cavus.

A

CMT type 1

28
Q

Nerve conduction study findings in CMT type 1

A

Decreased conduction velocity

29
Q

Nerve biopsy shows segmental demyelination and remyelination with onion bulb formations

A

CMT type 1

30
Q

Defect in CMT type 2

A

Mitofusin 2

31
Q

Secondary vascular changes in diabetic polyneuropathy

A

Diabetic microangiopathy
Endoneurial arteriole hyalinization

32
Q

Pt presents with distal, ascending, symmetric, sensorimotor neuropathy with loss of pain and temperature. Non-healing ulcers are present on the feet.

A

Diabetic polyneuropathy

33
Q

Autonomic features of diabetic polyneuropathy

A

Postural hypotension
Erectile dysfunction
Gastroparesis

34
Q

Nerve biopsy findings in diabetic neuropathy

A

Axonal degeneration
Endothelial hyperplasia
Occasional perivascular inflammation

35
Q

EMG findings in diabetic neuropathy

A

Reduced amplitudes
Mild to moderate slowing of conduction velocities

36
Q

Characteristics of neuropathy associated with uremic nephropathy

A

Length-dependent numbness and tingling
Allodynia
Mild distal weakness

37
Q

Allodynia

A

Pain to a stimulus that does not normally produce pain

38
Q

Characteristics of generalized sensorimotor neuropathy associated with chronic liver disease

A

Numbness and tingling
Minor weakness in the distal aspects

39
Q

Sural nerve biopsy findings in neuropathy associated with chronic liver disease

A

Segmental demyelination
Axonal loss

40
Q

Presentation of neuropathy associated with vit B12 deficiency

A

Subacute paresthesias in hands and feet
Loss of vibratory and position sense
Progressive spastic and ataxic weakness

41
Q

Degeneration of spinocerebellar tract, corticospinal tract, and dorsal columns

A

Vit B12 deficiency

42
Q

Progressive peripheral nerve injury due to thiamine deficiency

A

Alcoholic neuropathy

43
Q

Deficiency associated with isoniazid therapy

A

Vit B6

44
Q

Paraneoplastic neuropathy of direct infiltration is associated with this cancer

A

Small cell lung cancer

45
Q

Target antigens in direct infiltration paraneoplastic neuropathy

A

HuD, HuC, Hel-N1
Family of RNA-binding proteins expressed by neurons

46
Q

Antibodies detected in serum in direct infiltration paraneoplastic neuropathy

A

Anti-Hu antibodies

47
Q

Mononeuropathy associated with neoplasm at the apex of the lung

A

Brachial plexopathy

48
Q

Mononeuropathy associated with malignant neoplasms in the pelvis

A

Obturator palsy

49
Q

Reparative lesion at the site of traumatic injury of peripheral nerves that presents as a painful/tender, firm nodule near the stump of the injured nerve

A

Traumatic neuroma

50
Q

Gross appearance of traumatic neuroma

A

Circumscribed, grayish-white appearance

51
Q

Disorganized proliferation of nerve fascicles, Schwann cells, and fibroblasts embedded within the scar tissue adjacent to the cut ends of the nerve

A

Traumatic neuroma

52
Q

Inheritance of spinal muscular atrophy

A

Autosomal recessive

53
Q

Mutation in spinal muscular atrophy

A

Defect in SMN1 gene on chromosome 5q causing apoptosis of LMNs

54
Q

Other names for SMA 1

A

Infantile SMA
Werdnig-Hoffman disease

55
Q

Other names for SMA III

A

Juvenile SMA or Kugelberg-Welander disease

56
Q

Nerves not affected in SMA

A

CN III, IV, and VI
Sacral motor neurons
Sensation is preserved

Neuro II (21 decks)

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