Local anesthetics Flashcards
Ester linked local anesthetics
Procaine
Tetracaine
Cocaine
Benzocaine
Chloropropane
Topical ophthalmic anesthetic
Tetracaine
Toxicity of tetracaine
CNS excitation
Local neurotoxicity
Toxicity of cocaine
CNS excitation
Convulsions
Cardiac arrhythmias
HTN
Stroke
Use of chloropropane
Infiltration
Spinal, epidural, and major nerve blocks
Toxicity of chloropropane
CNS excitation
Local neurotoxicity
Local anesthetic drug classes that blocks conduction by decreasing the large transient increase in permeability to Na
Ester linked
Amide linked
Types of amide linked local anesthetics
Lignocaine
Mepivacaine
Bupivacaine
Ropivacaine
Prilocaine
Lidocaine
Uses of bupivacaine
Infiltration
Spinal, epidural, and major nerve blocks
Toxicity of bupivacaine
CNS excitation
Cardiovascular collapse
Uses of prilocaine and lidocaine
Topical and IV use
Infiltration
Spinal, epidural, and major nerve blocks
Toxicity of prilocaine
CNS excitation
Local neurotoxicity
Methemoglobinemia
Toxicity of lidocaine
CNS excitation
Local neurotoxicity
Where are amide linked local anesthetics metabolized?
Liver
Order of sensory function block
Pain
Temperature
Touch
Deep pressure
Motor
Increases duration of action of local anesthetic, decreases systemic toxicity, and decreases bleeding in the operative field
Vasoconstrictors
Injection of local anesthetic directly into tissue without taking into consideration the course of the cutaneous nerves
Infiltration anesthesia
Subcutaneous injection of a solution of local anesthetic in order to anesthetize the region distal to the injection
Field block anesthesia
Injection into, or about, individual peripheral nerves or nerve plexuses
Nerve block
Bier block
Regional IV anesthesia
Location of spinal anesthesia
Between L2 and termination of the thecal sac
Into the subarachnoid space
Toxicity symptoms associated with high concentrations of local anesthetics
Nystagmus
Muscle twitching
Overt tonic-clonic convulsions
