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Pharm > Sedative-hypnotics (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Sedative-hypnotics (Exam 3) Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

sedative-hypnotics cause what? (2)

A

sedation and calming of anxiety

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2
Q

5 classifications of sedative-hypnotics

A

benzos, barbs, sleep aids, anxiolytics, ethanol

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3
Q

GABA-a receptor is activated by what?

A

inhibitory GABA

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4
Q

sedative-hypnotics potentiate ____ at all levels of CNS

A

inhibition

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5
Q

can additional sedative hypnotics decrease glutamate signalling?

A

yes

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6
Q

what effects do we see on the organs with sedatives?

A

calming, anxiolytics, depresses psycho-motor function, anterograde amnesia

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7
Q

hypnosis organ effects (sleep)

A

decreased time to fall asleep, increased NREM sleep, decreased REM sleep, decreased stage 4 NREM

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8
Q

can sedative-hypnotics be used for anesthesia adjuncts

A

yes

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9
Q

what two drug classes can we give as sedation?

A

barbs and benzos

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10
Q

what do we reverse benzos with?

A

flumazenil

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11
Q

additional effects of sedative-hypnotics (4)

A

anticonvulsive, muscle relaxation, resp depression and minimal effects on cardiac

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12
Q

what is the most commonly abused drug globally?

A

alcohol

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13
Q

absorption of ethanol is

A

rapid

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14
Q

rate of oxidation of ethanol is what order kinetics

A

zero

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15
Q

what are the two major pathways of metabolism to acetaldehyde?

A

alcohol dehyrogenase pathway
microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system

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16
Q

ethanol is broken down by what enzyme>

A

alcohol dehydrogenase

17
Q

MEOS and alcohol dehydrogenase breaks ethanol down into

A

acetaldehyde

18
Q

Ethanol enhances ____ and inhibits ____

A

GABA and glutamate

19
Q

Tolerance of ethanol means

A

more of the drug is needed to get same effect

20
Q

dependence means

A

body is reliant

21
Q

addiction

A

behavior, seeks out drug regardless of negative consequences

22
Q

What is wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

A

paralysis of external eye muscles, ataxia, confusion, psychosis, coma, death

23
Q

does ethanol cause peripheral nerve injury?

A

yes

24
Q

is thiamine deficiency associated with ethanol and wernicke-korsakoff syndrome?

A

yes

25
Q

what is the overall goal of alcohol intoxication

A

prevent resp depression and vomit aspiration

26
Q

what electrolytes do we correct with alcohol intoxication?

A

glucose and potassium

27
Q

what is a long acting opioid antagonist approved to treat alcohol dependence?

A

naltrexone

28
Q

what drug is used in europe to treat alcoholism?

A

acamprosate

29
Q

what does disulfiram do to aldehyde dehydrogenase?

A

inhibits

30
Q

what effects do we see when disulfiram is taken with alcohol?

A

flushing, throbbing, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, hypotension, confusion

31
Q

Can we use buspar to treat the underlying anxiety?

A

yes

32
Q

What type of amnesia do we see with sedation?

A

anterograde amnesia

Pharm (22 decks)

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