Exam 2: Cholinomimetics

Question 1

cholinomimetic agents are classified as ___ receptor stimulants and ___inhibitors

Answer 1

ACh, cholinesterase

Question 2

muscarine is a ____ and mimics the effects of ____. Action takes place at the ___ cells, not the ____

Answer 2

mushroom, PNS. effector, not the ganglia

Question 3

Nicotine ___ autonomic ganglia and skeletal muscle NMJ

Answer 3

stimulates

Question 4

esters of choline include ? (3)

Answer 4

ACh, methacholine and succ

Question 5

alkaloids of choline include (4)

Answer 5

muscarine, nicotine, pilocarpine, lobeline

Question 6

many have effects on __ and/or __, but none for specific subtypes

Answer 6

N or M

Question 7

ACh is used primarily for ___

Answer 7

pupil constriction

Question 8

methacholine is used for what

Answer 8

diagnosis of asthma

Question 9

carbachol is used for what

Answer 9

decreasing intraocular pressure

Question 10

bethanechol is used for what

Answer 10

bladder dysfunction

Question 11

betel nut aka arecoline is a ___ and acts like nicotine

Answer 11

stimulant

Question 12

muscarinic agonists ___ the pupil, ___ intraocular drainage

Answer 12

contract and increase

Question 13

muscarine agonists cause a ____ in PVR and cause a ____ in HR

Answer 13

decrease, reflexive increase

Question 14

atropine is contraindicated in ___ glaucoma bc it ___ the ciliary muscle, effectively cutting off drainage of aqueous humor

Answer 14

angle-closure, relaxes

Question 15

muscarine agonists ___ the smooth muscle of bronchioles, ____ mucosal secretion. they also ___ secretory and motor activity in the gut and ___ the sphincter

Answer 15

contract, increase, increase, relax

Question 16

a simple alcohol used to diagnose MG

Answer 16

edrophonium

Question 17

carbamates associated with MG treatment (2) and ileus

Answer 17

neostigmine and pyridostigmine

Question 18

organophosphate that treats glaucoma

Answer 18

echothiophate

Question 19

primary target of indirect acting cholinomimetics

Answer 19

AChE

Question 20

organophosphates last ___ of hours, form a __ bond with active site, but the bond can be broken with ____. The downfall of these drugs is the ____, overtime the bond gets stronger and stronger

Answer 20

hundreds, covalent, pralidoxime, aging

Question 21

overall system effects w CV and CNS

Answer 21

bradycardia, high doses cause convulsions and coma

Question 22

toxicology of muscarines and what to treat with

Answer 22

SLUDGE-M
salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis, miosis, atropine

Question 23

major source of intoxication = ____, treat with ____ and ____. organophosphate poisoning

Answer 23

pesticides, atropine and pralidoxime

Question 24

kids eating ____ and a fatal dose ____ are the toxicities w nicotine

Answer 24

cigs, 40 mg

Question 25

cholinocepter blockers are anti what

Answer 25

muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 26

atropine the __ isomer and it is ___x more potent than the d isomer

Answer 26

L, 100x

Question 27

scopolamine is given for ___

Answer 27

motion sickness

Question 28

eye effects w cholinoceptor antagonists

Answer 28

dilator, cycloplegia

Question 29

tropicamide causes what

Answer 29

mydriasis and cycloplegia

Question 30

hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter

Answer 30

atropine OD saying

Question 31

nicotinic cholinergic receptor requires ___ units to be bound to the ligand to open up the channel

Answer 31

both (2)

Question 32

depolarizing muscle relaxant, no tetanus response, no repolarize again

Answer 32

succ

Question 33

nondepolarizing muscle relaxant, block ACh receptors

Answer 33

curare derivatives

Question 34

reversal of curare

Answer 34

sugammadexre

Question 35

phase 1 and phase 2 means what with depolarizing MR

Answer 35

eventually repolarizes, but receptor is desensitized, less susceptible to succ in the future

Question 36

long acting is ___, intermediate acting is __, short acting is ___

Answer 36

panc, atra, miva

Question 37

MOA of non depolarizing

Answer 37

compete with ACh at binding sites, no depolarization occurs