Exam 2: Antihypertensive

Question 1

BP maintained by regulating

Answer 1

CO and PVR

Question 2

CO is a function of

Answer 2

SV, HR, venous capacitance

Question 3

main sources of peripheral resistance

Answer 3

diameter, viscosity, length

Question 4

low renal pressure stimulates ___ production which stimulates angiotensin 1 to then be converted into angiotensin 2 via ___

Answer 4

renin, ace

Question 5

ANG 2 causes ____ of resistance vessels and stimulated ___ secretion to increase renal sodium ___ and increase ____

Answer 5

constriction, aldosterone, absorption, BV

Question 6

antihypertensives work on 4 anatomic control sites, what are their overall names

Answer 6

diuretics, sympathoplegics, direct vasodilators, anti-angiotensins

Question 7

diuretics lower BP how much, and what is their toxicity

Answer 7

10-15 mmHg, potassium depletion

Question 8

methyldopa, clonidine and dex are all ___ agonists

Answer 8

alpha 2

Question 9

clonidine and methyldopa work how

Answer 9

bind to alpha 2, causing an inhibition of sympathetic outflow

Question 10

dex is also an ___ agonist

Answer 10

alpha 2

Question 11

methyldopa is an analog of __, it replaces ___ in adrenergic nerve vesicles

Answer 11

L Dopa, NE

Question 12

clonidine is a ___ agonist, and decreases ___ signalling

Answer 12

partial, NE

Question 13

propanolol decreases ___, ___, and is a ___ blocker. it is replaced by ___

Answer 13

CO, BP, beta, metoprolol

Question 14

MOA of vasodilators

Answer 14

relax smooth muscle of arterioles and veins

Question 15

hydralazine induces __ production in endothelium

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

minoxidil MOA

Answer 16

opens K channels in smooth muscles, dilates arterioles, treats hair loss

Question 17

sodium nitroprusside is used in ___ ______, breaks down in blood to release____

Answer 17

HTN emergencies, release NO

Question 18

fenoldopam is a peripheral ____ dilator, its MOA is an ___ of D1 receptors

Answer 18

arteriolar, agonist

Question 19

calcium channel blockers ___ peripheral arterioles, they are also ____ and ____. they inhibit ___ influx in arterial smooth muscle

Answer 19

dilate, antianginal, antiarrhytmic, calcium

Question 20

verapamil works on the ___, diltiazem works on ___ and ___, dihydropyridine works on the ____. examples of dihydropyridines

Answer 20

heart, perihpery and heart, periphery, nicardipine

Question 21

renin release is stimulated by

Answer 21

reduced arterial pressure, reduced sodium delivery, SNS

Question 22

___ inhibits renin, ___ inhibits ARBs, __ is an ACE inhibitor,

Answer 22

aliskiren, artans, prils

Question 23

___ antagonists treat pulm HTN

Answer 23

endothelin receptor - entans, bosentan

Question 24

hypertensive urgency vs emergency

Answer 24

180/110, without and with end organ damage