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Pharm > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

peptidoglycan makes up what

A

the cell wall

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2
Q

peptidoglycan is important for which grams

A

gram positive and negative

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3
Q

gram negative contains an additional what

A

outer membrane and lippolysaccharide

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4
Q

endotoxins can cause what

A

toxic shock syndrome

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5
Q

if we slow growth for the cells is it better or worse for the immune system

A

better

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6
Q

gram positive

A

staphylococcus and streptococcus

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7
Q

gram negative

A

gut bacteria, e.coli, clebsiella, enterobacter

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8
Q

general properties of antimicrobial agents

A

slective toxicity, spectrum of activity, MOA, side effects, resistance

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9
Q

salvarsan is the chemotherapy for what

A

syphillis

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10
Q

history for antibiotics

A

ancient egypt moldy bread

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11
Q

first true antibiotic

A

penicillin

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12
Q

severe infections are what

A

C&S

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13
Q

gram positive cell wall made of

A

teichoic acid

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14
Q

polymyxin has what kind of spectrum

A

narrow

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15
Q

cell wall inhibitors do what

A

block synthesis and repair of gram positive cell walls

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16
Q

cell membrane targeted drugs work on what type

A

gram negative

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17
Q

DNARNA acting drugs target what

A

gyrase and RNA polymerase of the bacteria

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18
Q

folic acid synthesis inhibitors target what

A

block pathways and inhibit synthesis

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19
Q

most broad spectrum group

A

protein synthesis inhibitors

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20
Q

in the bacteria we have what subunits

A

50S and 30S

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21
Q

most important drugs for inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

A

PCN and cephalosporin

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22
Q

both PCN and cephalosporin have what

A

a beta-lactam ring

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23
Q

the ring attaches to the ___ that cross-link peptidoglycans and prevent cell wall synthesis

A

enzymes

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24
Q

carbapenems are more

A

beta-lactamase resistant

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25
Q

carbapenems penetrate the ___ and they are the drug of choice for ____

A

penetrate CNS, enterobacter

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26
Q

drugs within carbapenems

A

imipenem and meropenem

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27
Q

vancomycin is a ___ and is useful for gram ___

A

glycopeptide, gram positive

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28
Q

vanco is resistant to ___ and is the ___ to PCN resistant bacteria

A

beta-lactamase, alternative

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29
Q

vanco is the drug of _____

A

last resort

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30
Q

adverse reactions with PCN

A

anaphylactic shock, skin rash, oral lesions, most common drug allergy and cross-reacts with similar antibiotics

31
Q

vanco has what toxicities

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

32
Q

disruption of cell membranes are ____ antibiotics and work best against gram ___

A

polypeptide, negative

33
Q

polymyxin is what kind of antibiotic

A

disruption of cell membrane

34
Q

polymyxin is also known as ___ and it is made up of 3 different antibiotics

A

neosporin

35
Q

daptomycin is better for gram ___ and is used for skin infections and bacteremia

A

positive

36
Q

inhibitors of protein synthesis attack ___ cells without significantly damaging animal cells

A

bacterial

37
Q

inhibitors of protein synthesis have selective toxicity with what subunit ribosomes

A

70S ribosomes

38
Q

macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides are all

A

inhibitors of protein synthesis

39
Q

tetracyclines have the ___ spectrum of activty of any antibiotics

A

widest

40
Q

tetracyclines destroy the normal ____ microbiota

A

intestinal

41
Q

adverse reactions with tetras

A

N/V/D, neurotoxic, allergies, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, dentition

42
Q

macrolides prodrug

A

erythromycin

43
Q

semi-synthetic derivative of macrolides include

A

azithromycin

44
Q

Neomycin is applied ___ and is an additional ______ of bacterial protein synthesis

A

topically, inhibitor

45
Q

side effects of macrolides

A

GI issues

46
Q

additional inhibitors of bacteria protein synthesis

A

neomycin and azithromycin

47
Q

macrolides are what type of inhibitor

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

48
Q

inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis MOA

A

rifamycin family bind to a bacterial RNA polymerase

49
Q

fluoroquinolines are what group

A

nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors

50
Q

fluoroquinolones MOA

A

inhibit DNA gyrase

51
Q

fluoroquinolones work on what grams

A

excellent gram negative, good gram postivie

52
Q

fluoroquinolones drugs

A

cipro

53
Q

inhibitors of folic acid synthesis MOA

A

block the synthesis of DNA and RNA synthesis by blocking folic acid synthesis

54
Q

the inhbitors of folic acid synthesis work in two ways

A

competitive inhibition, incorporated into important molecules

55
Q

sulfonamides used for

A

pneumocystis and toxoplasmosis

56
Q

sulfonamides given in conjuction with

A

trimepthoprim

57
Q

toxicity with sulfonamides

A

allergenic, may show in urine, hematopoetic distrubances

58
Q

imidazole is an ___ and is a cream for cell membrane ___ (ketoconazol)

A

antifungal, inhibition

59
Q

dermatophytes drug

A

lamisil

60
Q

antiprotozoan for malaria

A

quinine

61
Q

antiprotozoan for giardia and trichomonas

A

flagyl

62
Q

what side effects with flagyl

A

cancer, black hairy tongue, birth defects

63
Q

ivermectin

A

river blindness roundworm

64
Q

permethrin

A

lice

65
Q

acquisition of resistance

A

natural selection, chromosomal mutation, extrachromosomal resistance

66
Q

treated gonorrhea with what first then what after then what

A

sulfonamides, PCN, more PCN, spectinomycin

67
Q

what induces resistance

A

pts not taking full dose

68
Q

day 6 of abx therapy what is wiped out

A

highly sensitive organisms

69
Q

niclosamide

A

tapeworms

70
Q

who breaks down fiber

A

bacteria

71
Q

what is beneficial for gut health

A

fatty acid chains

72
Q

most common GI issue with abx

A

Cdiff

73
Q

what is fecal therapy

A

fecal sample from relative or in same area and it’s spun down and injected into the rectum or taken orally

Pharm (22 decks)

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