Exam 2: ANS & Synaptic Transmission

Question 1

Visceral sensory receptors monitor what

Answer 1

internal organs, and body systems

Question 2

3 types of receptors within CNS/PNS overall

Answer 2

special sensory, somatic sensory and visceral sensory

Question 3

afferent goes where

Answer 3

to the CNS

Question 4

Efferent comes from where

Answer 4

CNS

Question 5

efferent division is made of what

Answer 5

SNS, ANS

Question 6

ANS is made of what

Answer 6

ParaSNS and SNS

Question 7

Somatic NS works on what muscles

Answer 7

skeletal

Question 8

PNS and SNS work on what muscles

Answer 8

smooth, cardiac and glands

Question 9

GI system associated with GUT feeling

Answer 9

enteric system

Question 10

where are the cell bodies within the somatic NS located

Answer 10

in the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

Where are the cell bodies for the autonomic system located

Answer 11

on the effector organ

Question 12

cluster of cell bodies

Answer 12

ganglia

Question 13

ANS is not under ___ control

Answer 13

conscious

Question 14

sympathetic response increases ___ and ___ and ___ blood to needed muscles. also known as the ____ response

Answer 14

HR, BP, shunts blood, ergotrophic

Question 15

Parasymp response ____ energy, and shunt blood to ___ ____ and ___. It is also known as the ____ response

Answer 15

conserves, GI, endocrine, urogenital, trophotropic

Question 16

SNS, works in the _____ and has ____ preganglionic fibers and ___ postganglionic fibers

Answer 16

thoracolumbar, short, long

Question 17

PNS works in the ___ and has a ____ preganglionic fiber and a ____ postganglionic fiber

Answer 17

craniosacral, long, short

Question 18

PNS uses this nerve primarily for HR

Answer 18

vagus nerve (x)

Question 19

preganglionic fibers release ___ and postganglionic fibers release either ___ or ___ and the effect is either ___ or ___

Answer 19

ACh, NE or ACh, stim or inhibit

Question 20

direct acting sympathomimetics

Answer 20

Epi, iso, albuteroli

Question 21

indirect acting sympathomimetics

Answer 21

ephedrine and amphetamines

Question 22

sympathomimetics ___ blood vessels, have __tropic and ___tropic effects, ___ bronchial tone, and ___ uterine muscle tone

Answer 22

constricts, ino and chrono, decrease, decrease

Question 23

sympatholytics ___ blood pressure and have ___ selectivity

Answer 23

blood, receptor

Question 24

cholinergic receptors are ____ & ____, adrenergic receptors are ____, ____ & ____

Answer 24

muscarinic and nicotinic, alpha, beta and dopamine

Question 25

Gq stimulates ___, Gi ___ adenylyl cyclase and Gs ___ adenylyl cyclase

Answer 25

phospholipase C, inhibit, stimulate

Question 26

a1 = ___, a2 = ___, B1 and B2 = ____ (Receptors)

Answer 26

Gq, Gi, Gs

Question 27

phospholipase C becomes ___ and ____, it also inhibits ___

Answer 27

IP3 and DAG, MLCP

Question 28

___ binds with B1 and turns ATP to ___, which increases PK__, this then brings __ into the cell and releases it from the ___ and it then interacts with ____ to cause a contraction within a cardiac myocyte

Answer 28

NE, cAMP, PKA, Ca, SR, MLCK

Question 29

In a peripheral smooth muscle cell, NE binds to ___ and converts ATP to ___, which will ___ MLCK, causing relaxation in the cell

Answer 29

B2, cAMP, inhibit

Question 30

all receptors are GPCR except for ___ receptors which are ion channels

Answer 30

nicotinic

Question 31

NANC neurons stand for non-___ and non-___ and release NOS, ____ and somatostatin.

Answer 31

adrenergic and cholinergic, substance P

Question 32

primary controlled variable is ___ ___ pressure

Answer 32

mean arterial

Question 33

___ MAP sensed by baroreceptors, ____ center sends messages to the PNS to ___ HR, which will then ___ CO and further ____ MAP

Answer 33

high, vasomotor, decrease, decrease, decrease

Question 34

___ MAP will be sensed by baroreceptors and sent to the vasomotor center to send signals to the SNS to ___ HR, ___ PVR, ___contractile force and ___ VT, which will ___ VR, ___ SV, ___ CO, ___ MAP

Answer 34

low, increase everything

Question 35

low MAP will be sensed by the ___ blood flow which will stimulate __ release and stimulate the making of ___ which will stimulate ___ which will ____ BV, then increase everything else

Answer 35

renal, renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, increase

Question 36

M1, M3, M5 are all ___ receptors

Answer 36

Gq

Question 37

M2 and M4 are what receptors

Answer 37

Gi

Question 38

skeletal muscles at rest are ___% but can go up to __% during SNS

Answer 38

20 ->80

Question 39

cholinomimets mimic __
Parasympatholytics block __
Sympathomimetics mimic ___
Sympatholytics block ___

Answer 39

PNS, PNS, SNS, SNS

Question 40

gap junctions between adjacent cells =

Answer 40

connexons

Question 41

four possibilities of neuro fate

Answer 41

diffuse from synapse, degraded by enzyme, uptake into pre-synaptic cell, uptake into surrounding cell

Question 42

neurotransmitter classes

Answer 42

esters, monoamines, amino acids, purines, peptides, inorganic gases

Question 43

ACh is a __, NE is a ____, GABA is a ____, adenosine is a ___, Substance P is a ____, and NO is a ____

Answer 43

ester, monoamine, amino acid, purine, peptide, inorganic gas

Question 44

Nicotinic channels are __ and muscarinic are ___ compared to nicotine

Answer 44

fast, slow

Question 45

lovheim cube of emotion consists of what 3 monoamines

Answer 45

NE, dopa, 5-Ht

Question 46

excitatory neurotransmitter is ___, inhibitory transmitters are ___ & ___

Answer 46

glutamate, glycine and gaba

Question 47

mediate pain and analgesia, neuropeptides

Answer 47

substance P and endorphins/enkephalins

Question 48

targets for pharm intervention include

Answer 48

synthesis, storage, release, receptor activation, termination of action

Question 49

___ transports choline into neuron and ___ transports ACh into the vesicle

Answer 49

CHT, VAT

Question 50

docking is made of what complexes

Answer 50

SNARE, syntaxin, SNAP-25, VAMP, and synaptotagmin

Question 51

Priming is ___ dependent and fusion is ___ induced.

Answer 51

ATP, calcium

Question 52

with MG, ___ receptors are degraded, causing progessive ___ weakness

Answer 52

ACh, muscle

Question 53

precursor to most monoamines, most monoamine taken back up into neuron by ___, then placed back into the vesicles via the ____

Answer 53

tyrosine, NET, VMAT