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Pharm > AntiVirals > Flashcards

AntiVirals Flashcards

1
Q

properties of viruses

A

infectious particles, active/inactive, obligate intracellular parasites

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2
Q

viruses multiply when

A

when they invade a specific host cell

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3
Q

the viruses must instruct the ___ and metabolic machinery of the ___ cell to make and release new viruses

A

genetic, host

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4
Q

viruses can infect

A

bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoa, plants, animals

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5
Q

why do viruses bear no resemblance to cells

A

they lack protein-synthesizing machinery (nucleus, ribosomes)

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6
Q

what parts do the viruses need to invade and control a host cell

A

external coating and a core containing nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)

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7
Q

DNA viruses consist of

A

HSV, varicella, small pox, HBV, common colds, papilloma

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8
Q

retroviruses include

A

HIV

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9
Q

RNA viruses include

A

measless, mumps, rubella, polio, rabies, hepA, flu, meningitis, common colds

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10
Q

antiviral therapy treats what viruses

A

HSV, CMV, varicella zoster, hep C, hep B, flu, HIV, RSV, cov-19

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11
Q

the shell of nucleic acid in a virus is called what

A

capsid

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12
Q

envelope means what

A

modified piece of the host cell membrane

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13
Q

naked viruses consist only of

A

nucleocapsid

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14
Q

spikes are found on ___ and ___ viruses

A

naked and enveloped

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15
Q

T/F: spikes project only from the envelope

A

F, envelope or nucleocapside

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16
Q

spikes allow for ___ with host cells

A

docking

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17
Q

virion means what

A

fully formed virus able to establish infection in a host

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18
Q

virus families have what suffix

A

viridae

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19
Q

adsorption means

A

attachment of viruses to host cells via target spike

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20
Q

penetration means what

A

entry of virions into host cells

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21
Q

synthesis means what

A

new nucleic acids, capsid proteins and other viral components (Reverse transcriptase)

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22
Q

maturation means what

A

assembly of newly synthesized viral components into complete virions

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23
Q

release means what

A

departure of new virions from host cells

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24
Q

two forms of release

A

lytic and lysogenic

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25
Q

viral replication steps in order

A

1.adsorption
2.penetration
3.synthesis
4.maturation
5.release

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26
Q

penetration blocked by what

A

interferons

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27
Q

uncoating happens when

A

during step 2

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28
Q

nucleic acid synthesis blocked by what

A

NRTIs, NNRTIs, acyclovir

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29
Q

uncoating means what

A

shedding

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30
Q

what drugs block viral release

A

neuraminidase inhibitors

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31
Q

most common cause of acute infections that don’t result in hospitalization

A

colds, chickenpox, flu, herpes, warts

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32
Q

why is it difficult to design therapies against viruses

A

bc viruses mutate at a rapid rate

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33
Q

first anti-herpes drug

A

vidarabine, highly toxic

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34
Q

DNA replication enzyme

A

DNA polymerase

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35
Q

first anti-herpes drug approved for nonlife threatening Herpes and chickenpox, more efficacious than vidarabine

A

acyclovir

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36
Q

main difference b/w host cell and acyclovir

A

acyclovir missing the hydroxyl group

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37
Q

can herpes tell when acyclovir is missing the hydroxyl group

A

no

38
Q

what happens when virus mistaks acyclovir for dGTP

A

chain termination is irreversible

39
Q

indications for acyclovir

A

HSV1, HSV2 and VZV infections

40
Q

acyclovir is __ in pregnant women and can reduce viral ___ and c-section rate when given in the ___ trimester of pregnancy

A

safe, shedding,3rd

41
Q

side effects of acyclovir

A

topical burning, nausea, diarrhea, rash, headache

42
Q

HIV causes

A

AIDS

43
Q

AIDS stands for

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

44
Q

AIDS results in

A

failure of the immune system and death from opportunistic infections

45
Q

MOA of zidovudine (AZT)

A

inhibits reverse transcriptase

46
Q

MOA of lamivudine

A

inhibits HBV DNA polymerase and HIV reverse transcriptase

47
Q

interferon is a

A

naturally occuraing human cell product

48
Q

interferon is used with some ___ in preventing and ___ viral infection

A

success, treating

49
Q

CDC recommends flu vax for everyone ____ and older every year

A

6 months

50
Q

subtypes of influenza type __ are determined by cell surface antigens hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

A

A

51
Q

what are the three main human hemgglutinin types

A

H1,H2,H3

52
Q

two main types of neuraminidase

A

N1 and N2

53
Q

what is the role of hemagglutinin

A

virus attachment to cells

54
Q

role of neuraminidase

A

penetration into cells

55
Q

flu type __ is a ___ illness compared to A

A

B, milder illness

56
Q

type B primarily affects

A

children and teens

57
Q

type B only affects what two mammals

A

humans and seals

58
Q

T/F: type b has a more antigenic shift, and doesn’t cause consequent immunologic stability

A

F, less, and does cause

59
Q

antivirals to treat flu

A

tamiflu, relenza, xofluza (ends in ivir)

60
Q

tamiflu is given, and how quickly to take when first symptoms

A

twice daily for 5 days, within 48 hours

61
Q

relenza is a powder inhalant for people __ years and older and when do you take it

A

7, and when exposed to flu (no symtpoms)

62
Q

relenza isn’t recommended for those with

A

asthma or COPD

63
Q

dosage for relenza

A

twice daily for 5 days

64
Q

xofluxa is a ___ dose pill and it may reduce the length of flu duration by ___, and how quickly to take meds when first symptoms experienced

A

one time dose, one day, 48 hours

65
Q

xofluza is not recommended for ___ , breastfeeding mothers, outpatients with ___ illness or ____patients

A

pregnant women, complicated illness, hospitalized patients

66
Q

coronavirus can be found in ___ or ___

A

animals or humans

67
Q

what known coronaviruses can cause resp. infections in humans

A

SARS, MERS (middle east resp syndrome), COVID-19

68
Q

COVID19 treatment

A

paxlovid, remdesivir, mabs

69
Q

other treatment for covid-19

A

hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, BLEACH

70
Q

covid 19 created what kind of storm

A

cytokine

71
Q

outcome of cytokine storm

A

ards, multi-organ failure, death, hyperinflammation syndrome

72
Q

Lysogenic cycle means

A

slow release

73
Q

lytic cell cycle means

A

burst host cell

74
Q

lyso is ___

A

chronic

75
Q

lytic is ___

A

acute

76
Q

DNA is viruses can be

A

double stranded and single stranded

77
Q

RNA in viruses can be

A

double and single stranded

78
Q

two type of RNA to DNA viruses

A

HIV and herpes

79
Q

retroviruses are DNA or RNA

A

RNA

80
Q

enzyme in virus that turns the RNA to DNA

A

reverse transcriptase

81
Q

naked virus it doesn’t have an outer

A

shell membrane

82
Q

spike targets what

A

cell proteins

83
Q

spike protein gp120 of AIDS targets what

A

CD4t (t-cells)

84
Q

PrEP drug

A

cabotegrovir

85
Q

interferons are what

A

proteins created by viruses

86
Q

T-cells are __

A

killers

87
Q

interferons can produce

A

CD8 t cells

88
Q

CD8 t cells release ____ to kill the ___ cell

A

cytokines, host

89
Q

dexamethasone is used for what

A

blocks cytokines

90
Q

paxlovid is used for what

A

antiviral

91
Q

remdesivir used for what

A

chain terminator

92
Q

Mabs used for what

A

block covid entry into cells

Pharm (11 decks)

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