secularisation Flashcards

1
Q

what ways does jose casanova define secularisation?

A

decline
seperation
privatisation

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2
Q

what does secularisation mean?

A

the idea that since we have become so advanced in society through the development of science religion should be abandoned and be considered superstitious. It can even suggest that religious belief is infantile and primitive.

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3
Q

what are the two branches of secularism?

A

programmatic
procedural

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4
Q

what is programmatic secularism?

A

religion has no place in the public sphere and is not the concern of the government. Any person should keep their beliefs private.

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5
Q

what is procedural secularism?

A

This acknowledges the complex mixture of faiths found within society and the unjustness of Christianity having a higher place. All views should be treated equally and we should not give any priority to one group.

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6
Q

what did Auguste Comte think?

A

civilised societies develop from three things; theological, mystical and positive.

Religion should give way to secular positivism and science to remove all false beliefs of the world

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7
Q

What was feurbachs theory?

A

Projection

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8
Q

what is projection theory?

A

ideals of God are manmade through humans values that are projected into the cosmos

For example, society values power - God is powerful.

He believed religion will die out as our secular beliefs will stop the projection of God.

God changes overtime due to human change

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9
Q

What did David Hume contribute to secularisation?

A

Our natural fear of our unknown existence gives way to belief in powerful deities that are a means of protection.

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10
Q

Hume quote about religious belief

A

’ you will scarcely be persuaded that they are other than sick mens dreams’

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11
Q

Stephen Frys stance on secularisation

A

The Christian God is nonsensical - it doesnt resemble human qualities in any form and would not make sense for us to bow down to him

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12
Q

Karl marx view on religion

A
  • it exists to oppress working classes
  • it keeps them subdued and in line for the bourgeoise
  • religion prevents social change through creating a false consciousness in which suffering is seen as virtouous
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13
Q

how could projecting belief in the afterlife have a capitalist agenda?

A

encourages people to live with injustice because their suffering in this life is a ‘soul making process’ for the next life in which they will be rewarded. (summum bonnum sorry kant)

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14
Q

what did marx think would set a decline in religious belief?

A

control by workers will lead to religious change

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15
Q

what did marx compare religion to?

A

a drug - that keeps the proletariat subdued

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16
Q

marx quote

A

religion is the opium of the people

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17
Q

to freud, when do neuroses occur?

A

when natural human instincts are repressed by tradition and conformity. He though religion was a key element for the cause of psychological illness.

18
Q

How is religion an infantile neurosis?

A
  • Belief in God = childish and people will grow out of it
  • We will reject it in the developing positive age
  • we should embrace the sophistication of science
  • until we regard religion as a quaint superstition
  • since it an illusion - should have no place in public decision making
19
Q

what is the main charectoristic of an illusion?

A

derived from human wishes

20
Q

explain Freuds concept of wish fullfilment

A
  • illusion of God exists because he consists of what humans wish for
  • they desire these so much they repress doubts of God
21
Q

What things did freud think we try to control in our lives through belif in God?

A

1) External forces of nature

2) Internal forces of nature

3) longing for a father

22
Q

explain ‘external forces of nature’

A

humans want to defend themselves against the power of nature by creating divine beings.

God can help people to deal with this need for power by saying he will be the protector and one to help them against nature.

23
Q

explain ‘ internal forces of nature’

A

Freud though humans have conflict between what they want and what society wants from them. Such as, incest.

God is watching over us and will reward us from this conflict and suffering. Through controlling these instincts we will be rewarded.

24
Q

explain ‘ longing for a father figure’

A

childhood = loneliness
childhood - protected by father figure
adulthood = we don’t have this protection
so we turn God into a father figure to deal with the new mass of freedom and lack of protection

25
Q

what does Dawkins compare belief in God to?

A

belief in a teapot randomly circiling the sun

26
Q

For Dawkins, how is religion harmful?

A

causes wars, misery and death.
for example, 911 terrorist attack on the twin towers.
It is also oppressive - burqa used to subdue women

27
Q

Who does dawkins have an issue with and why?

A

Creationists who interpret genesis as a real story since it goes against evolution

28
Q

What is Dawkins concerened about?

A

The rise of funamentalsists who cause problems towards scientific advancment because they question the origin of the universe from an unscientific perspective

29
Q

Dawkins view on raising children as religious

A

he was completely against it and saw it as indoctrinating, even a form of child abuse. Especially if the parent goes against modern science.

religions deluded beliefs effect children psyche. The threat of hell is damaging.

30
Q

Dawkins overalll …

A

1) wishful thinking and blind faith
2) contrary evidence - evil
3) dangerous
4) terrorism, women etc
5) evolution and science
6) indoctrination and abuse, evil

31
Q

name programmatic secularists

A

dawkins
freud

32
Q

what did heelas and woodhead argue

A

whilst institutionalised religion is on decline other spiritual disciplines are on the rise

33
Q

What did Ford illustrate?

A

They question the notion that society would be unequivocally advantaged through the abandonment of religion when other fascist and capitalist regimes have used brutal methods to eradicate religion.

34
Q

why does Christianity have a special place in the uk?

A

The UK is an established nation meaning it has an official religion, Christianity. Since, the 17th century the Church of England has been the established church. This establishment has a link to the state and subsequetnly has a higher status in public life.

35
Q

Give examples of the Christian advantages in scoeity..

A

1) bishops have automatic seat in the house of lords
2) the church operates aroune 1/4 state primary shools in England

36
Q

what is a secular humanist?

A

humans can live good and noble lives according to reason and without the need for religion

37
Q

what was the amsterdam declaration of 2022

A

a statement on the funamentals of modern day humanism

38
Q

give some examples of things in amsterdam decloration

A
  • humanists reject all forms of racism and prejudice
  • strive to be rational and that science is the solution to world problems
39
Q

reasons for christianity in public life..

A
  • Christianity needs to be in public life for exclusivists since the great commision which teaches to proselytise the nations
  • bonhoeffer thought christians should be salt and light within their communities by spreading the word of jesus. If christianity isnt in the spehere then it cant offer moral guidance
  • ford and the problems atheist regimes have caused
40
Q

reasons against

A

dawkins
multifaith society
unfair]
freud etc etc

41
Q

branches of freud

A
  1. religion is wish fulllfillment
  2. longing for father figure
  3. infntile neurosis