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My Packs: (UWO) (MICROIMM 2500) > (Section C: Bacteriology) Lecture 23 > Flashcards

(Section C: Bacteriology) Lecture 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Obligate human pathogens

A

Must be incontact with host to:
* Survive
* Replicate

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2
Q

For bacterial STDs, what is required for transmission?

A

Human-human contact

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3
Q

Treponema pallidum
* Disease
* Gram stain
* Shape

A
  • Syphilis
  • Gram negative
  • Spriochetes
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4
Q

Is Treponema pallidum culturable?

A

Not on normal agar
* Requires host-like conditions to culture

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5
Q

What does Treponema pallidum not tolerate?

A
  • Desiccation (dryness)
  • High temperature
  • Atmospheric oxygen level
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6
Q

How is Treponema pallidum transmitted?

A
  • Sexual transmission
  • Mother/child transmission
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7
Q

What are the 3 stages of syphilus?

A
  1. 3-90 days after exposure: Genital, tongue sores
  2. 4-10 weeks after exposure: Body rash (not itchy)
  3. 3-15 years after exposure: Affects internal organs
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8
Q

What is the prevalence of syphilus (T. pallidum)?

(2020 data)

A

25 cases/100,000

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9
Q

Treponema pallidum
* Infective ability

A

As few as 10 cells needed to transmit disease

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10
Q

Does T. pallidum have LPS?

A

No

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11
Q

What is the function of internal flagella of T. pallidum?

A

The help move (in a spiral-like shape)

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12
Q

How does T. pallidum evade immune response?

A

Antigenic variations of TrpK
* Many variations, causing insufficient immune response

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13
Q

What are the functions of outer membrane proteins in T. pallidum?

A

Attachment to epithelial cells and extracellular matrix

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14
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of T. pallidum?

A
  1. No LPS, has internal flagella
  2. Antigenic variation of TrpK
  3. Outer membrane proteins
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15
Q

Treponema pallidum
* Diagnosis
* Vaccine
* Treatment

A
  • PCR and Serologic tests
  • No vaccine available
  • Antibiotics treatment (penicillin or doxycycline/ceftriaxone)
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16
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Disease
* Gram stain
* Shape

A
  • Gonorrhea
  • Gram negative
  • Diplococci
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17
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Mobility
* Type of pathogen
* Transmission

A
  • Non motile
  • Obligate human pathogen
  • Sexual transmission and Mother/child
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18
Q

Can Neisseria gonorrhoeae undergo non-physiological changes?

A

No

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19
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Signs/symptoms (female)
* Signs/symptoms (male)

(Don’t memorize all)

A

Female
* Abdominal pain
* Increased vaginal discharge
* Painful urination
* Painful intercourse
* Vaginal bleeding between periods

Male
* Discharge from the penis
* Swollen testicles
* Painful urination
* Urinary tract infection (UTI)
* Inflammation fo the penile

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20
Q

Prevalence of gonorrhea

(2020 statistics)

A

81 cases/100,000

21
Q

What is a condition of the eye caused by N. gonorrhoeae?

A

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

22
Q

What is the basic life cycle of N. gonorrhoeae?

A
  1. Attachedment to epithelium
  2. Microcolony formation
  3. Release of peptidoglycan, LOSA, and OMVs
  4. Invasion, intake by macrophage (cytokine, chemokine and inflammatory transcription factor activation)
  5. Activates macrophages and neutrophils
  6. Influx of neutrophils phagocytosis of N. gonorrhoeae
  7. Neutrophils transmit disease
23
Q

What are virulence factors in N. gonorrhoeae?

A
  1. Type IV pili
  2. Opa (opacity protein)
  3. Cell wall antigen (LOS)
  4. PorB (OM porin)
24
Q

Explain virulence factors:

Type IV Pili

A

Highly antigenic, meaning difficult for immune system to respond to variants

25
Q

Explain virulence factors:

Opa (Opacity protein)

A

Prevents opsonization, highly antigenic also

26
Q

Explain virulence factors:

Cell wall antigen (LOS)

A

Causes disease

27
Q

Explain virulence factors:

PorB (OM porin)

A

Punches pores in membrane to causes disease

28
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Diagnosis
* Vaccine
* Treatment

A
  • PCR and Culture
  • No vaccine available
  • Last resort antibiotic (cephalosporin), urgent need for new therapeutics
29
Q

How does N. gonorrhoeae gain antibiotics resistance?

A

Mtr efflux pump
* Pumps antibiotics out of the cell

30
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis
* Disease
* Gram stain

A
  • Chlamydia
  • Gram negative
31
Q

What is the peptidoglycan structure of C. trachomatis?

A

Thin or no peptidoglycan layer

32
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis
* Type of pathogen
* Transmission

A
  • Obligatory intracellular pathogen
  • Sexual or Mother/Child
33
Q

What percentage of males and females are asymptomatic in Chlamydia?

A

Female: 80-90%
Male: Up to 90%

34
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis
* Signs/symptoms (female)
* Signs/symptoms (male)

A

Female
* Cervicitis
* Prolonged menses
* Spotting and vaginal discharge
* Tubing infertility or extopic pregnancy

Male
* Urethritis evolving to epididymitis
* Dysuria and penile discharge

35
Q

Prevalence of Chlamydia

(2020 statistics)

A

279 cases/100,000

36
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis
* Life cycle

A

Stage 1
* Elementary body attaches and enters
* Differentiates to reticulate body and forms endospore

Stage 2
* Reticulate body fusion and inclusion growth
* Splits into persistent form and activated form
* RB to EB differentiation
* Exocytosis and release of EBs

37
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis
* Virulence factors

A
  1. LPS
  2. Major outer membrane protein (MOMP)
  3. Secretion system (T3SS, T2SS, T5SS)
38
Q

In C. trachomatis:

What is LPS presumably binding to?

A

CFTR
* Cystic fibrosis receptor

39
Q

What are MOMPs?

A

Polysaccharide receptors (for mannose)

40
Q

What secretion is unique to Gram negative bacteria?

A

T3

(E.x. T3SS)

41
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis
* Diagnosis
* Vaccine
* Treatment

A
  • PCR and Culture
  • No vaccine available
  • Antibiotics (azithromycin or doxycycline)
42
Q

Syphilis
* Time span of disease

A

Long time of growth/development of disease

43
Q

In gonorrhea, which sex is more likely to show symptoms?

A

Males

44
Q

What is the most common STI?

A

Chlamydia

45
Q

What is the association between STIs and HIV?

A

HIV patients have higher risks getting STIs
* Especially syphilis and gonorrhea

46
Q

Why is there association between STIs and HIV?

A

Both are sexually transmitted pathogens

47
Q

How do we prevent STIs?

A

Avoid behaviors that put you at risk:
* Not using condoms
* Multiple partners
* Anonymous partners
* Consumption of drugs and/or alcohol

Get tested when sexually active

48
Q

STD

A

Sexually Transmitted Disease
* Refers to a recognizable disease state that has developed from an infection

49
Q

STI

A

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)
* Refers to a pathogen that causes infection through sexual contact

My Packs: (UWO) (MICROIMM 2500) (30 decks)

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