(Section A: Virology) Lecture 07: HIV Pathogenesis

Question 1

When was the first documentated cases of HIV in North America recorded?

Answer 1

Early 1980s
* Discovered that in NYC and LA that people getting affected by odd diseases
* Kaposi Sarcoma
* Pneumonia by fungal disease

Question 2

What is treatment of HIV?

Answer 2

cART
* Combined Retroviral Therapy
* Drug cocktail

Question 3

What is the goal of cART?

Answer 3

• Block reverse transcriptase
• Causes viruses to stop replicating
• Makes virus become dormant

Question 4

What family and subfamily is HIV from?

Answer 4

• Family: Retroviridae
• Subfamily: Lentiviruses

Split into HIV 1 and HIV 2

Question 5

Is HIV an enveloped or shell virus?

Answer 5

Enveloped virus

Question 6

Describe:

What is the early life cycle of an HIV?

Answer 6

1. Expression of viral RNA
2. Synthesis of viral proteins
3. Assembly of virions

Question 7

1. What host cell receptors does HIV attach to?
2. What viral receptors of HIV attach to host cell?

Answer 7

1. CXCR4, CCR5 and CD4
2. GP41 binds to CCR5, GP120 binds to CD4

Question 8

Define:

1. SU
2. TM
3. CA

Answer 8

1. Surface Protein: gp120, the VIRAL RECEPTOR
2. Transmembrane Protein: gp41, the FUSION PROTEIN
3. Capsid Protein: p24, the CAPSID PROTEIN

Question 9

What are the regions of the HIV genome? What do they code for?

Answer 9

1. Env: SU, TM
2. Pol: PR, RT, IN
3. Gag: MA, NC, CA

Question 10

When did HIV exist?

Answer 10

As far back as 1959 in Zaire and Rwanda

Question 11

What are the major groups of HIV?

Answer 11

M, N, O, P
* Each represents a transfer from an animal to a human

Question 12

What are the 9 subtypes of HIV Group M?

Answer 12

A-K, and CRFs
* C: Most prevalent (high in Africa)
* B: High in North America
* D: Quicker death
* CRFs: Usually sex workers that have been infected many times

Question 13

HIV 1 vs HIV 2

Answer 13

HIV-2 does not progress to aids as quickly, not as transmissible, not as deadly

Question 14

What is the source of HIV-1?

Answer 14

SIV in chimps (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)

Question 15

What caused the accelerated transmission of HIV/AIDS?

Answer 15

1. Bushmeat hunting
2. European colonization
3. Introduction of health care

Question 16

What type of HIV was the first transmission likely?

Answer 16

Group M

Question 17

True or False:

HIV is difficult to transmit

Answer 17

True, it has 1/1,000 chance to transmit