Bacteriology Important Notes Flashcards
Plasmids in Yersinia
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
* pYV (virulence plasmid)
Yersinia pestis
* pYV (virulence plasmid)
* pFra (encodes phospholipase D, for survival in flea)
* pPst (encoding plasminogen activator for dissemination
What bacteria can be treated by prophylaxis?
Yersinia
mec gene
Encodes a different penicillin-binding protein (PBP)
* Resistant to methicillin
van genes
Encodes resistance to vancomycin
* Makes d-ala-d-lac residues instead of d-ala-d-ala
How to prevent antibiotic entry
- Gram negative outer membrane
- Mycobacteria cell envelope
How to modify antibiotics
Beta lactamase
How to efflux antibiotic
Actively pumping out the antibiotic (e.x Mtr pumps in N. gonorrheae)
The alteration of antibiotic target
- PBPs
- Ribosome modifications
Horizontal gene transfer memorization tips
- Release of DNA that transforms other bacteria
- Bacteriophage transports (transducts) DNA to other bacteria
- Bacteria conjugate to move genes between each other
Carbapenems vs. Beta-lactams
Carbapenems are Beta-lactamase resistant Beta-lactams
Is leprosy common in low-income countries?
Yes, it is rare in high-income countries
What type of vaccine is BCG?
Live vaccine
What does M. bovis in BCG vaccines lack?
ESX-1 secretion system
Are polysaccharide vaccines T-cell dependent?
No they are T-cell independent
* Conjugate vaccines (protein/polysaccharides) are T cell dependent
