(Section B: Immunology) Lecture 09: Introduction Flashcards
Innate vs. Adaptive
- Innate: Stays same, doesn’t learn
- Adaptive: Reacts faster and larger second time
Purpose of Immune Systems
- “Defense against Invader”
- “Self-nonself discrimination”
- “Detection of Danger/Damage”
- Achieve peace and harmony w/ our enemies”
Components of the Immune System
- Barriers
- Cells
- Soluble Molecules (Humoral)
What is the analogy used for components of the immune system?
- Barriers, “Wall”
- Soldiers, “Soldiers”
- Soluble Molecules (Humoral), “Weapons”
What types of barriers are there?
- Mechanical
- Chemical
- Microbial
- Nutritional
What the main cells in mechanical barriers?
Epithelial cells
Describe:
Epithelial cells
- Lines the surfaces of various tracts (stomach, throat, skin etc.)
How are epithelial cells joined? Why?
Prevent pathogens from entering
How do epithelial cells work as mechanical barriers?
- Regeneration
- Desquamation (shedding)
- Secretions (mucus etc.)
What is the first line of defense?
Skin
What are skin cells known as?
Keratinocytes
What do keratinocytes form?
The corneal layer (keratin “shield”)
What are goblet cells and where are they found?
Goblet cells makes mucus and secretions
Found in the lungs
What is responsible for moving things out (coughing) in lungs?
Cilia
What do chemical barriers include?
Includes enzymes
What are forms of chemical barriers?
- Lysozymes
- Antimicrobial peptides
- Fatty acids
What are lysosymes secreted by?
Epithelial cells
What are the functions of lysosymes?
The digest bacterial cell walls (peptidoglycan)
Antimicrobial peptides
Short positively charged peptides
Give an example of an antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin
How many different antimicrobial peptides are characterized in humans?
21 different types
What fatty acids have antimicrobial properties?
Saturated and Unsaturated
How much microorganisms are in our body?
38 trillion
What are antimicrobial peptides and fatty acids known as?
Defensins
What do microbes need in order to function?
Metals (iron etc.)
How do we inhibit microbial growth nutrition wise?
Sequestering metals
What is iron pumped out of intracellular compartments by?
NRAMP1
What is iron complexed with in the body?
Heme, which is bound by hemoglobulin
What is free heme bound by?
Hemopexin (HPX)
What is free hemoglobin bound by?
Haptoglobin (HP)
How will bacteria try to collect iron?
By secreting sidephore molecules
