section 5: part 1

Question 1

what is the conclusion you can make about a person with dysarthria?

Answer 1

that there is a problem with the MUSCLES part of speech (oppose to aphasia being a language problem)

Question 2

why are axial muscles (muscle for posture) usually not visibly affected in cord/brainstem pathologies?

Answer 2

because the axial muscles have bilateral projections of ventral cortiospinal tract & brainstem pathways (indirect pathways)

Question 3

when you hear the term, “broad based gait”, what structure should you think of?

Answer 3

cerebellum

Question 4

what nerves are involved in the gag reflex?

Answer 4

9 for the sensory aspect

10 for the motor aspect

Question 5

what does the term “stridor” mean?

Answer 5

a nose that the throat makes which sounds like something is in the airway blocking air flow

Question 6

what nerve is the cough reflex testing?

Answer 6

10

Question 7

if a person is said to have full range of eye motion, what nerves can you say are okay?

Answer 7

3,4,6

Question 8

when you see nystagmus, what two structures should you think of?

Answer 8

cranial nerve 8 and cerebellum

Question 9

if a patient has hoarsness & difficulty swallowing, what nucleus should you be concerned about?

Answer 9

nucleus ambigus

Question 10

if a person is said to have nystagmus of the right, what does this mean?

Answer 10

that the correction is to the RIGHT

you would have slow movement to the left and FAST correction to the right

Question 11

list some classical “cerebellar” signs

Answer 11

• gate induced nystagmus
• intentional tremor
• coordination problems
• ataxia

Question 12

are cerebellar signs ipsilateral or contralateral?

Answer 12

ipsilateral