Section 4 Part 2 Flashcards
What is a radiculopathy?
damage to a spinal nerve in the dorsal or ventral root
What are the symptoms of a radiculopathy?
- burning or tingling down dermatome affected
- weakening of muscles affected by spinal nerve
-not complete sensory/motor loss because dermatomes and myotomes overlap
Where is the most common location for a disc herniation?
C6, C7, L5, S1
Describe axons of:
epicritic nerves
nociceptive
epi -large and heavily myelinated
noci - small and less myelinated
Where is the number of motor nuclei in the ventral horn the greatest?
(Lateral motor nuclei) in the limb segments:
brachial - C5-T1
lumbrosacral - L3 - S2
As you ascend rostrally, what happens to the white matter?
it increases
- more and more sensory axons join
- less and less motor axons have branched off
What two features are unique about the thoracic segments and what vertebrae does this correspond to?
T1-L2
- intermediolateral cell group
- Clarke’s nucleus
What is the intermediolateral cell group?
cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic efferent neurons
What is clark’s nucleus?
cerebellar relay nucleus
-origin of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
What is unique about sacral segments?
preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
not contained in a special area however
What are the three types of funicul
i?
dorsal - btwn the two dorsal horns
lateral - lateral to gray matter
ventral - btwn the two ventral horns
If Disc C4-C5 is compressed, injuring C5, what muscles will become weak?
- deltoid
- infrapinatus
- biceps
If Disc C4-C5 is compressed, injuring C5, what reflex is lost?
biceps reflex
If Disc C4-C5 is compressed, injuring C5, where will there be sensory loss?
shoulder
upper lateral arm
If disc c5-c6 is compressed, injuring C6, what muscles become weak?
wrist extensors
biceps
If disc c5-c6 is compressed, injuring C6,where will there be a decreased reflex?
biceps
brachioradialis
If disc c5-c6 is compressed, injuring C6, where will there be sensory loss?
lateral arm and forearm
skin of thumb and index finger
If disc C6-C7 is compressed, injuring C7 what muscles become weak?
triceps
If disc C6-C7 is compressed, injuring C7, what reflex is lost ?
Triceps
If disc C6-C7 is compressed, injuring C7, where will there be sensory loss?
posterior arm and forearm
skin of index and middle fingers
If nerve root L1-L2 is damaged, following compression of T12-L1 and L1-L2, what muscles will be weak? What movement?
illiopsoas
psoas major
Hip flexion
If nerve root L1-L2 is damaged, following compression of T12-L1 and L1-L2, what reflex will be decreased?
none
If nerve root L1-L2 is damaged, following compression of T12-L1 and L1-L2, where will there be sensory loss?
around the hip - front and back
If nerve root L2-L3 is damaged, following compression of L2-L3, L3-4, what movements will be weak?
adduction of thigh
knee extension
“waddling gait”
If nerve root L2-L3 is damaged, following compression of L2-L3, L3-4, what reflex will be affected?
patellar knee jerk
If nerve root L2-L3 is damaged, following compression of L2-L3, L3-4, where will there be sensory loss?
around hip
anterior and medial thigh
If nerve root L4 is damaged, following compression of L3-L4, what muscles will be weak? What movement?
Tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
Foot inversion
If nerve root L4 is damaged, following compression of L3-L4,what reflex will be affected?
none
If nerve root L4 is damaged, following compression of L3-L4, where will there be sensory loss?
medial leg
lateral and anterior thigh
If nerve root L5 is damaged, following compression of L4-L5, what movements will be affected?
foot dorsi flexion
hip abduction
heel walk
“ trendelenberg sign “
If nerve root L5 is damaged, following compression of L4-L5, what reflexes will be affected?
none
If nerve root L5 is damaged, following compression of L4-L5, where will there be sensory loss?
dorsum and sole of foot
lateral leg
If S1 is damaged due to compression of L5-S1, what movements will be affected?
foot plantar flexion
tip-toe walk
If S1 is damaged due to compression of L5-S1, what reflexes will be affected?
achilles tendon - ankle jerk
If S1 is damaged due to compression of L5-S1, where will there be sensory loss?
lateral foot
small toe
plantar surface surface of foot (sole)
