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neuroanatomy > Section 1, Part 3: external anatomy & blood supply > Flashcards

Section 1, Part 3: external anatomy & blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 major branches of the vertebral artery?

A

posterior spinal artery (2)
anterior spinal artery (1)
posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

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2
Q

what are the 5 major branches of the basilar artery?

A
  1. anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  2. pontine arteries
  3. superior cerebellar artery
  4. posterior cerebral artery
  5. posterior communicating artery
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3
Q

what are the 5 major branches of the internal carotid artery?

A
  1. ophthalmic artery
  2. anterior cerebral artery
  3. middle cerebral artery
  4. lenticulostriate arteries
  5. anterior communicating artery
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4
Q

where does posterior circulation for the CNS arise from?

A

vertebral artery

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5
Q

where does the anterior circulation for the CNS arise from?

A

internal carotid arteries

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6
Q

what arteries provide anastomoses for the anterior and posterior circulation of CNS?

A

the posterior communicating arteries

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7
Q

which artery supplies the dorsolateral medulla and medial portions of the cerebellum (including cerebellar nuclei)?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

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8
Q

list 3 locations that the posterior circulation supplies

A

the brainstem
cerebellum
part of the cerebral cortex

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9
Q

at which location do the vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery?

A

at the junction of the medulla and the pons

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10
Q

which arteries supply the undersurface of the cerebellar cortex and central areas of the pontine tegmentum?

A

anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

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11
Q

which arteries supply the superior surface of the cerebellar cortex and dorsolateral areas of the pontine tegmentum?

A

superior cerebellar arteries

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12
Q

at the end of the basilar artery, what does it bifurcate into?

A

the posterior cerebral arteries (which travel along the medial surfaces of the temporal & occipital lobes)

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13
Q

branches from which artery supply the midbrain, posterior parts of the thalamus and internal capsule?

A

branches from the posterior cerebral arteries (called the posterior choroidal arteries)

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14
Q

the posterior communicating artery is a branch off which artery?

A

the posterior cerebral artery

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15
Q

the posterior communicating artery is important to connect the anterior and posterior circulation, but it also sends branches to which 3 structures?

A

thalamus
midbrain
crus cerebri

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16
Q

after the internal carotid joins the posterior communicating arteries, which two branches does it give rise to?

A

anterior cerebral artery & middle cerebral artery

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17
Q

which structure does each anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

the MEDIAL surface of the frontal & parietal lobes in ONE hemisphere

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18
Q

which structure does each middle cerebral artery supply?

A

most of the lateral surface of one cerebral hemisphere including the insula

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19
Q

which structures does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A

hippocampus
anterior choroid plexus
posterior internal capsule

20
Q

which structures does the lenticulostriate artery supply?

A

basal ganglia
amygdala
internal capsule
anterior thalamus

21
Q

what is the basal ganglia in charge of?

A

involuntary movement

22
Q

the lenticulostriate artery is a branch of which artery?

A

the middle cerebral artery

23
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“paralysis, loss of pain and temp sense BELOW the occlusion”

A

the spinal cord branch of the anterior spinal artery

24
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“ contralateral sensory loss & paresis, ipsilateral tongue paralysis”

A

the medullary branch of the anterior spinal artery

25
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
vertigo, loss of balance, ipsilateral “cerebellar signs”, loss of facial pain sensation, hoarseness”

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

“Wallenburg’s syndrome”

26
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“ipsilateral “cerebellar signs” (tremor, ataxia), facial paralysis, ipsilateral hearing loss, loss of pain & temp over face ipsilaterally”

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery

27
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“paralysis & loss of sensation in the face, body & limbs; can also affect eye movement and cause diplopia”

A

basilar branches

28
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“ipsilateral cerebellar signs, contralateral pain & temperature loss, Horners”

A

superior cerebellar artery

29
Q

list structures supplied by the posterior cerebral artery

A 
occipital lobe
medial portions of parietal & temporal lobes
anterior & posterior midbrain
crus cerebri
posterior thalamus
30
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“bilateral blindness, memory loss, somatosensory loss, coma & death”

A

top of basilar occulsion

31
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“unilateral blidness in the visual field contralateral to affected side, alexia”

A

posterior cerebral artery

32
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“contralateral paresis, coma & death”

A

posterior communicating branches

33
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“contralateral paralysis & sensory loss; apraxia, aphasia & partial blindness”

A

middle cerebral artery

34
Q

what does the word apraxia mean?

A

performing the wrong action
ex. asking you to point at the man, you know where the man is, and your arm works, you just don’t point in the right direction

35
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“contralateral paralysis and sensory loss in leg & foot, sometimes apraxia”

A

anterior cerebral artery

36
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“possibly involuntary movements (basal ganglia); paralysis, sensory deficits over entire 1/2 of the body, homonymous visual field deficits (internal capsule”

A

lenticulostriate arteries

37
Q

the following symptoms can be a result of blood flow blockage of which artery?
“paralysis, sensory deficits, visual field defect”

A

anterior choroidal artery

38
Q

which part of the brain does coordination & balance?

A

cerebellum

39
Q

if constant hypotonia is present, which part of the brain do you suspect?

A

cerebellum

40
Q

is cortical control of the facial nerve nucleus that supplies the LOWER part (around the mouth) of the face contralateral or bilateral?

A

contralateral

41
Q

is cortical control of the facial nerve nucleus that supplies the upper part (around the forehead) of the face contralateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral

42
Q

hyper-reflexia and hypertonia are symptoms of what?

A

an upper motor neuron lesion

43
Q

will there be weakness in an upper motor neuron lesion? lower motor neuron lesion?

A

yes & yes

44
Q

will there be atrophy in an upper motor neuron lesion? lower motor neuron lesion?

A

no in upper neuron lesion, yes in lower neuron lesion

45
Q

will there be fasciculation in an upper motor neuron lesion? lower motor neuron lesion?

A

no in upper neuron lesion, yes in lower neuron lesion

46
Q

in a lower motor neuron lesion, will a person’s reflexes increase or decrease? what about tone?

A

they will both decrease

47
Q

when is babinski’s sign seen?

A

in an upper motor neuron lesion

neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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