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neuroanatomy > Section 3, Part 1 > Flashcards

Section 3, Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are somatosensory circuits?

A

FOur ascending networks that conduct sensory information from the body’s skin, muslces and joints

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2
Q

What are the three somatosensory circuits that serve the trunk and limbs?

A

1- Lemniscal
2- Anterolateral
3- spino-cerebellar

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3
Q

What somatosensory circuit carries info from the head and neck?

A

Trigeminal syste?m

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4
Q

What does the lemniscal system carry?

A

Epicritic sense

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5
Q

What are epicritic senses?

A

Vibration, tactile form, position sense, simple touch

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6
Q

What does the anterolateral system carry?

A

Protopathic sense

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7
Q

What are prothopatic senses?

A

Pain, temperature sense, simple touch

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8
Q

What doees the spino-cerebellar system carry?

A

Proprioception

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9
Q

What are proprioception senses?

A

Muscle, joint information

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10
Q

What type of senses does the trigeminal system carry?

A

Epicritic, protopathic, priopriocetive

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11
Q

Does the information in the lemniscal system come from dorsal or ventral root axons?

A

Large Diameter dorsal root axons

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12
Q

The neurons of which system are particularly vulnerable to ischemia, toxicity, bacteria….?

A

The lemniscal system

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13
Q

Lemniscal system lesions typically show protopathic or epicritic losses first?

A

Epicritic

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14
Q

Where do the lower limb lemniscal dorsal root axons enter the spinal cord?

A

Lower thoracic and lumbosacral levels

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15
Q

How do the lemniscal system dorsal root axons ascend the gray matter?

A

Gracile fasciculus (they cross the spinal cord to get to this)

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16
Q

Where do the upper limb lemniscal dorsal root axons enter the spinal cord?

A

Upper thoracic and cervical levels

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17
Q

How do the lemniscal system dorsal root axons ascend the gray matter?

A

Cuneate fasciculus (they cross the spinal cord to get to this)

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18
Q

Doe the fasciculi of the lemniscal system ascend the cord on the same side or opposite side of the body that they serve?

A

Same side (so symptoms of a lesion would be ipsilateral to the lesion)

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19
Q

Where do the lemniscal system fasiculi synapse?

A

Medulla

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20
Q

After the gracile and cuneate axons synapse in the medulla, what are the axons called?

A

Medial lemniscus

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21
Q

Where do the medial lemniscus axons ascend to?

A

Thalamus—-> synapses on the VPL

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22
Q

If there is a lesion in the medial lemniscus would the symptons be ipsilateral or contralateral to the lesion?

A

Contralateral

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23
Q

After the lemniscal system synapse at the VPL, where do the axons go?

A

Postcentral gyrus (via the internal capsule)

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24
Q

What is stereogenosis?

A

Recognizing tactile shapes placed in the hand

Will be lost in an epicritic lesion

25
Q

What is two-point tactile sense?

A

Ability to separate the location of two simultaneous touches near each other on the skin

Will be lost in an epicritic lesion

26
Q

What is position sense?

A

Ability to state the position of the limb, without visual cues (has some motor consequences, causing shuffling gait and reaching inaccuracies)

Will be lost in an epicritic lesion

27
Q

What is vibration sense?

A

Sensitivity to high frequencysimulations, such as vibration from a tuning fork

Will be lost in an epicritic lesion

28
Q

What is simple touch sensation?

A

Patient knows when they have been touched

largely intact in an epicritic lesion

29
Q

In the anterolateral system, where does the information come from?

A

Information comes to the spinal cord via small-diameter dorsal root axons

30
Q

Which tract is associated with the anterolateral system?

A

Lissauer’s tract (dorsolateral fasiculis

31
Q

Do the neurons of the anterolateral system synapse early or late?

A

They synapse early, almost as soon as they enter the spinal cord

32
Q

How do the axons of teh anterolateral system ascend in the white matter?

A

The anterolateral tract/ system

33
Q

True or false:

Most of the anterolateral tract neurons first cross the midline before ascending to the brain

A

True

34
Q

If there is a lesion in the anterolateral system, will symptoms be on the same side or opposite side of the lesion?

A

Opposite side

35
Q

Where do anteriolateral neurons synapse/ terminate?

A

Reticular formation and the VPL mainly.

36
Q

What are the three protopathic sensations associated with the anterolateral system?

A

Pain, temperature, simple-touch

37
Q

If there is a lesion to the anterolateral system, which protopathic senses are affected?

A

Pain and temperature are reduced but simple touch is largely intact

38
Q

Which system does this statement describe?

Signals from muscle spindle and joint receptors enter the CNS via the dorsal roots

A

Spino-cerebellar syste

39
Q

True or false:

In the spino- cerebellar system, axons from the leg and lower trunk ascend as part of the gracile fasiculus.

A

True

40
Q

Where is the dorsal nucleus of Clarke located?

A

In the thoracic cord

41
Q

What terminates at the nucleus of clarke?

A

Spino-cerebellar system axons from the leg and lower trunk that ascend as part of the gracile fasciculus

42
Q

True or false:

In the spino- cerebellar system, axons from the arms and upper trunk ascend as part of the cuneate nucleus

A

true

43
Q

What terminates at the accessory cuneate nucleus?

A

Spino-cerebellar system axons from the arm and upper trunk that ascend as part of the cuneate nucleus

44
Q

Where do the axons of the accessory cuneate nuclues terminate and what is the tract that they ascend?

A

cerebellum, via the cuneocerebellar tract

45
Q

How does the majority of the somatosensory information from the head and neck enter the CNS?

A

Via CN5 axons whose cell bodies are in the trigeminal ganglion.

(There is also some input from CN 7, 9, 10)

46
Q

How do axons of teh trigem nerve convey epicritic snesation?

A

They synapse immediately in the principal/ chief sensory nucleus of CN 5 and in the pntine part of the spinal sucleus of CN 5

47
Q

Where do second order neurons of CN5 go?

A

They cross the midline and join the medial lemiscus to go to the thalamus and go on to the post central gyrus

48
Q

Pathology of the pontine portion of the CN5 input causes what?

A

Epicritic losses of the head and neck. Symptoms are on the same side if the pathology lies before the crossing (at the medial lemniscus)

49
Q

Pathology of the caudal portion of teh spinal trigeminal tract (in the medulla) and nucleus of CN5 causes ____________ losses on the __________ side of the head

A

Pathology of the caudal portion of teh spinal trigeminal tract (in the medulla) and nucleus of CN5 causes PROTOPATHIC losses on the SAME side of the head

50
Q

What type of information does the mesencephalic tract of CN5 carry?

A

Proprioceptive input from the face (part of the trigem system)

51
Q

Where doe mesencephalic nucleus neurons synapse?

A

Motor nucleus of CN5 (for jaw reflexes —> via the reticular formation before projecting to the cerebellum)

52
Q

Where doe the mesencephalic neurons of CN5 ultimately project to?

A

cerebellum

53
Q

Where does the motor component of the trigem nerve arise from?

A

Axons arise fro cellsin the motor nucleus of CN 5 in the pons

54
Q

What does the motor component of the trigem nerve do?

A

Innervate the muscles of mastication on the same side

55
Q

What are the two motor circuits?

A

Pyramial and brainstem-spinal

56
Q

Are motor circuits ascending or descending?

A

Ascending

57
Q

What are the component tracts of the Pyramidal system?

A

Cortico-bulbar

Cortico-pontine

Cortico-rubro-olivary

cortico- spinal

58
Q

Which motor system is characterized by direct cortical input?

A

Pyramidal

59
Q

What are the component tracts of the brainstem- spinal motor system?

A

Vestibulospinal

tectospinal

reticulospinal

rubrospinal

neuroanatomy (23 decks)

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