Section 3 part 3 - visual/auditory systems

Question 1

The optic radiations in the temporal lobe transmit info from what part of the visual field?

Answer 1

superior

Question 2

The optic radiations in the parietal lobe transmit info from what part of the visual field?

Answer 2

inferior

Question 3

Where do the optic radiations passing through the temporal lobe synapse?

Answer 3

inferior bank of calarine gyrus - lingual gyrus

Question 4

Where do the optic radiations passing through the parietal lobe synapse?

Answer 4

superior bank of calcarine gyrus - cuneate gyrus

Question 5

Optic radiations to the hypothalmus control what?

Answer 5

long-term reactions to light

Question 6

optic radiations to the pretectum control what?

Answer 6

calculates total light entering eye and constricts the pupil in response to light

Question 7

The pretectal cells have two different destinations, what are they?

Answer 7

cross midline to other EW nucleus
or
project to EW nucleus of same side

Question 8

preganglionic EW axons project to where? postganglionic axons?

Answer 8

preganglionic fibers travel with the oculomotor nerve to innervate the ciliary ganglion

postganglionic pass to the eye in short ciliary nerves synapse on sphincter pupillae and ciliary body

Question 9

What do they believe the function of the optic axons to the superior colliculus is?

Answer 9

control rapid orientation of eyes, and body to a visual event

Question 10

What is the direct response and the consensual response in the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 10

direct - change pupil size in eye that receives light

consensual - opposite eye changes

Question 11

When light is shone on a person’s eye what normally happens?

Answer 11

both eyes constrict

Question 12

If the left optic nerve is damaged and light is shone in the left eye (ipsi) which pathways are affected?

Answer 12

NO direct
NO consensual

-neither eye will constrict

Question 13

If the left optic nerve is damaged and light is shone in the right eye (contra), which pathways are affected ?

Answer 13

BOTH direct and consensual are INTACT

-both eyes will constrict

Question 14

If the left EW nucleus or the left oculomotor nerve is damaged, and light is shone in the left eye (ipsi), which pathways are affected?

Answer 14

NO direct
consensual is INTACT

right eye will constrict , left eye won’t

Question 15

If the left EW nucleus or the left oculomotor nerve is damaged, and light is shone in the right eye (contra), which pathways are affected

Answer 15

direct INTACT
NO consensual

right eye will constrict, left eye won’t

Question 16

If the medial midbrain is damaged aka bilateral pretectal nuclei and/or both EW nuclei, which pathways are affected?

Answer 16

NO direct on either eye

NO consensual on either eye

Question 17

The vestibulocochlear nerve carries information from where to where??

Answer 17

cochlea to dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

(on surface of the inferior cerebellar peduncle - at transition of medulla and pons)

Question 18

If the left cochlear nerve is damaged, what happens?

Answer 18

left hearing loss

Question 19

Where do second order auditory neurons cross?

Answer 19

in the caudal pons in the trapezoid body

Question 20

If you have hearing loss in one ear, where must the damage be?

Answer 20

Either:

• same ear
• same CN8
• same cochlear nuclei

Question 21

If you have hearing loss in both ears, where is the damage?

Answer 21

bilateral damage in:

• both ears
• brainstem
• temporal lobe

Question 22

After most auditory info ascends in the lateral lemniscus pathway, what are the next three steps?

Answer 22

inferior colliculus –> (brachium) MGN –>(posterior internal capsule) Heschl’s gyri

Question 23

Which brodman areas is heschl’s gyrus?

Answer 23

areas 41 and 42

Question 24

What is the function of heschl’s gyrus?

Answer 24

distinguishes sound patterns

Question 25

If one heschl’s gyrus is damaged, what is the result?

Answer 25

nothing because each gyrus receives bilateral input

Question 26

How does the left heschl’s gyrus communicate with the right ?

Answer 26

through the corpus callosum

Question 27

What does wernicke’s area include?

Answer 27

In the left hemisphere:

• supramarginal gyrus
• posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus
• planum temporale

Question 28

What three locations would damage lead to inability to understand spoken language?

Answer 28

1. both heschl’s gyri
2. left auditory cortex
3. corpus callosum

Question 29

What is broca’s area?

Answer 29

Inferior frontal gyrus

-organizes commands for speech

Question 30

What is broca’s aphasia?

Answer 30

can’t generate speech or write but understand language

Question 31

What is wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 31

inability to understand language and speak coherently