Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Physiology 4460 > Section 3: Nervous system > Flashcards

Section 3: Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Where does action potential happen?

A

Happens in excitable tissue (muscle, neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Consist of neural cells and glial cells. 

A

Neural tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A specialized cell that can rapidly communicate (Chemical and electrical)

A

Neuron 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the main parts of a typical neuron?

A
  • dendrites
  • Soma (perikaryon)
  • Axon Hillock
  • Axon
  • Axon terminals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The receiving end of a neuron but also soma (many and short)

A

Dendrites

(Ligand channels are found here)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The main cell body of a neuron where the nucleus and organelles are found (like a torso) 

A

Soma (perikaryon)

Ligand-gated channels are found here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The part of the neuron where the action potential starts

A

Axon hillock

highest concentration of voltage gated channels are here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the highest concentration of voltage gated channels found?

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Single, The output of the neuron

A

Axon

Voltage gated channels are found here (basis of AP) but more are found on the axon hillock area 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

….

Output side of the neuron

A

Axon terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does synapses litterally mean?

A

To come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of synapses?

A

For neurons to “talk” to other neurons or effector cells mainly through chemical synapses?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A signaling ion that must be released to contract muscles.

It tells the ——— to carry it?

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the events of signal transmission at a chemical synapse?***

A
  • action potentials arrive at axon terminal
  • voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open
  • Ca2+ enters the cell
  • Ca2+ binds to the vesicle
  • vesicle moves to the membrane
  • docked vesicles fuse with the membrane and release neurotransmitter by exocytosis
  • neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic clef and binds to receptor
  • binding of neurotransmitter to receptor activate signal transduction pathways
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A bundle of axons together is called

A

A nerve

Neurons are NOT the same as nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • The integration Center
  • includes the brain and spinal cord
  • higher order functions such as memory, learning and intelligence
A

Central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes what two divisions?

A
  • Afferent division

- efferent division (going to effector organs to cause movement or secretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the efferent division include?

A
  • somatic nervous system (skeletal muscle)
  • Autonomic nervous system [parasympathetic and sympathetic division] that both lead to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the afferent division include?

A
  • special sensory receptors (smell, taste, vision, balance, and hearing)
  • visceral sensory receptors (not super aware of these, Breathing, blood pressure, pH signals)
  • somatic sensory receptors (body sensations such as skeletal muscles, joints, skin services, touch, pressure, pain and temperature) 
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the forebrain/telencephalon include? 

A

Cerebellum (cerebral cortex), basal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does forebrain/Diencephalon include?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the hindbrain include?

A
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • Medulla oblongata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Used for info processing

A

Cerebrum/cerebral cortex

Part of the forebrain: telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Movement coordination

A

Basal nuclei

Part of the forebrain/telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

 part of the brain used for emotions

A

Amygdala

Part of the forebrain/telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Part of the brain used for a memory

A

Hippocampus

Part of the forebrain/telencephalon

27
Q

Area of the brain used for relay of sensory info (all sensory accepts smell)

A

Thalamus

Part of the forebrain/diencephalon

28
Q

Area of the rain used for a homeostatic regulation. 20 different sub areas function between neural, endocrine system also reward center

A

Hypothalamus

Forebrain/diencephalon

29
Q

Area of the brain used to process visual and auditory cues

Reflexes

A

Midbrain

30
Q

Area of the brain used for posture and coordinated movement. When damaged can cause intention Tremor
It compares what actually happened to what the plan was

A

Cerebellum

Part of the hindbrain

31
Q

Part of the brain involved in regulation of breathing. Involves chemoreceptors

A

Pons

Part of the hindbrain

32
Q

Area of the brain involved in autonomic functions like heart rate, blood pressure, breathing (snesory ques from danger)

A

Medulla oblongata

33
Q

What does the frontal lobe include?

A

responsible for cultural norms and behaviors

  • Prefrontal cortex
  • premotor cortex
  • primary motor complex
  • Brocas area
34
Q

Part of the frontal lobe used for thoughts, planning, psychology

A

Prefrontal cortex

Part of the frontal lobe

35
Q

Part of the frontal lobe where neurons begin to fire, determines what your body going to do

A

Premotor cortex

Part of the frontal love

36
Q

Part of the frontal lobe where neurons send axons down to tell muscles what to do. Axons that talk to each other or send down 

A

Primary motor cortex

Part of the frontal lobe

37
Q

Area of the frontal lobe used for speech language, fine control

A

Brocas area

Part of the frontal lobe

38
Q

This is where all sensory info about your body goes first like pain, temperature, pressure
Map of the areas right and left. If left side is damaged the body recognizes only right side

A

Somatosensory cortex

This is part of the parietal lobe

39
Q

Neural info is combined by other sensory info (associated together) example include site plus movementof a bear to indicate danger

A

Sensory association areas

This is part of the parietal lobe

40
Q

Area of the brain that produces the image. Opposite sides see right to left brain. 

A

Visual cortex

Part of the occipital lobe

41
Q

Area of the brain that integrates with everything else

A

Visual association areas

Part of the occipital lobe

42
Q

The part of the brain where sound goes first

A

Auditory cortex

Part of the temporal lobe

43
Q

Area of the brain used for smell

A

Olfactory cortex

Part of the temporal lobe

44
Q

Area of the brain that stores language association.

What word you use is sent to Brocas area

A

Wernicke’s Area

Part of the temporal lobe

45
Q

Area of the brain used for emotions, sex drive, happy, anger

A

Limbic association areas including:

Amygdala and hippocampus

46
Q

Nerves of the spinal cord emerge ________ as _______.

A

Laterally, pairs 

47
Q

The spinal cord is mixed with afferent and Efferent information.
____________ info is carried to brain in ascending tracts of __________ (just axons). Info to control effectors (efferent info -muscles and glands-) relayed from brain to motor neurons via descending tracts in white matter.

A

Affarent, white matter 

48
Q

The autonomic nervous system has both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branch going to the same spots this is called…

A

Dual innervation and it is antagonistic

49
Q

Where does the sympathetic and parasympathetic emerge from on the spine?

A

Sympathetic emerges from thoracic area

Parasympathetic emerges from the cervical and the distal end of the spine

50
Q

What happens in fight or flight?

A

Sympathetic goes up and parasympathetic goes down

This causes increased heart rate and breathing

51
Q

What is the activation and deactivation of autonomic‘s meant for?

A

To adjust metabolism to the appropriate level

52
Q

Each division of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system includes _____ neurons to each location

A

2

53
Q

What is the main cranial nerve in the parasympathetic division?

A

Cranial nerve X (10)

54
Q

Dual innervation of the autonomic nervous system includes…

A

The sympathetic and parasympathetic division

Most organs receive input from both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

55
Q

The ____________ nervous system has a long preganglionic neuron and a short postganglionic neuron, while the _________ System has a short preganglionic neuron and a long postganglionic neuron

A

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

56
Q

Cluster of neuron soma outside the central nervous system

A

Ganglia

57
Q

In both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, acetylcholine will bind to _____________ (excitatory) in the ganglia of the PNS


A

Nicotinic cholinergic receptor

58
Q

What is secreted in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in the postganglionic Area? 
What receptor receives it?

A

Sympathetic: Norepinephrine, adrenergic receptor on effector organ

Parasympathetic: acetylcholine, muscarinic cholinergic recpetor on the effector organ.

In both systems this acts on smooth or cardiac muscle, and glands


59
Q

what do catecholamines include?

A
  • dopamine
  • norepinephrine=noradrenaline
  • epinephrine= adrenaline (from adrenal gland)

Adregenic rexptors???

60
Q

•Autonomic (effecernt) has ____ neurons
•somatic has _____ neuron that extends from central nervous system to the muscle. It controls skeletal muscle, it is voluntary, and the neurotransmitter is acetylcholine to Nicotinic cholinergic receptors (same receptors as autonomic?)

A

2, 1

61
Q

Axons of motor neurons extend from the spinal cord to the muscle. There each ask on divides into a number of axon terminals that form _____________ with muscle fibers scattered throughout the muscle

A

Neuromuscular junctions (One per muscle fiber)

62
Q

Afferent neurons form the _____ subdivision of the peripheral nervous system providing the central nervous system with information and it can use to integrate to produce a response

A

3rd

63
Q

Integrated functions of the nervous system include…

A
  • reflex: automatic patterned response to a stimulus
  • reaction: response to a single input (informationally) but requires consciousness
  • higher order processing: plan of action, multiple choices
64
Q

In the end, control of the effectors is the control of…

A

Skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Animal Physiology 4460 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions