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Animal Physiology 4460 > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Each muscle fiber (Motor unit) is under control of _____ neuron

A

One

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2
Q

What are the three types of muscle? Which two are striated?

A

Skeletal and cardiac are striated

Smooth

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3
Q

Type of muscle that is voluntary, neurogenic, controlled by somatic nervous system. Striated

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Type of muscle that is involuntary, myogenic (comes from the muscle itself), autonomic nervous system, Striated

A

Cardiac

 works just like skeletal mechanically

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5
Q

Type of muscle that is involuntary, Nuro or myogenic, controlled by autonomic nervous system. Involves a very different mechanism than the other two types of muscle

A

Smooth muscle

Lines blood vessels, Gut, uterus, iris of the eye

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle is the effector of the _________ nervous system

A

Somatic

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7
Q

What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle?

A

Myofibrils! (Myofilaments?) and sarcomere??

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8
Q

The thin filament includes….

A
  • F-actin
  • tropomyosin (push off myosin Bridge site?)
  • Troponin (includes three proteins, [calcium binding site, actin, tropomyosin]
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9
Q

Active site is the ________ binding site

A

Myosin

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10
Q

What covers the myosin binding sites?

A

Tropomyosin

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11
Q

The thick filament is made of _______ molecules arranged like many golf clubs together. 

A

Myosin

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12
Q

What are the different parts of a myosin molecule?

A
  • myosin tail
  • actin binding site (myosin head)
  • ATPase site (myosin head)

There’s a hinge in between the myosin tail and head

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13
Q

The area of overlap of thick and thin filaments is called…

A

A-band

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14
Q

The end of the sarcomere. Anchors thin filaments

A

Z disc

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15
Q

This band only includes thin filament

A

I-band

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16
Q

During muscle contraction, the ____ band disappears, and the _____ band remains the same. 

A

I band

A band

17
Q

This is a series of sarcomeres attached end to end (sarcomere in series)

A

Myofibril***

18
Q

Thick filaments lined by accessory proteins

A

M line?

19
Q

When looking at a light microscope image of skeletal muscle fiber the light area is _____ and the darker bands are ______ 

A

I band

A band

20
Q

Thin (_______) filament

Thick (_______) filiment

A

Actin

Myosin

21
Q

This area is only thick filaments

A

H zone (don’t need to know For test?)

22
Q

Muscle fiber is…

A

Muscle Cell (The entire cell)

23
Q

What is the sarcolemma?

A

Plasmalemma or the cell membrane

24
Q

Invagination of sarcolemma forming a network of tubes around the myofibrils and it associates with Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

T-Tubule

25
Q

 what is the Sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth E.R.)

(almost all smooth ER stores calcium ions)

26
Q

Scarcoplasm =

A

Cytoplasm

  • nuclei and mitochondria pushed off to the side
  • filled with parallel arranged myofibrils
27
Q

Named at the gross level

Parallel arranged muscle fibers

A

Whole muscle (The muscles that you have heard of by name ex: bicep)

28
Q

Three levels of connective tissue coverings are…

All three merge at ends to form….

A
  1. endomysium
  2. Perimysium
  3. Epimysium

All three merge to form tendons

29
Q

The first level of connective tissue covering, delicate covering that covers each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

30
Q

Second level of connective tissue covering that forms a bundle of muscle fibers called a fasicle

A

Perimysium

31
Q

Third level of connective tissue covering that forms a bundle of fascicles we call whole muscle

A

Epimysium

32
Q

Everything that happens from action potential on the motor neuron until the muscle contracts….

A

Neuromuscular junction and excitation-contraction coupling??? (Look this one up) 

33
Q

Motor end-plate

A

Sarcolemma of neuromuscular junction?

34
Q

This is at the end of the Nurotransmitter chain

What kind of receptors are found here?

A

Neuromuscular junction or Nuroeffector junction

ACh receptors (nicotinic cholinergic receptors)

35
Q

What are the seven steps of EC coupling? 

A
  1. AP arrives at neuromuscular junction
  2. AP triggers opening of voltage gated calcium channels in axon terminal, calcium triggers exocytosis of ACh
  3. ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to ACh receptors
  4. ACh Opens the sodium channel and sodium diffuses in and depolarizes motor end plate to threshold which triggers an AP
  5. AP Travels along sarcolemma and down the T-tubules
  6. AP is “ transferred” to the SR where it triggers calcium release
  7. Calcium binds to Triponin, triggered muscle contraction. Relaxation —> stop AP on neuron, stop muscle AP, stop releasing calcium
    * calcium is quickly pumped back into the SR and the muscle relaxes
36
Q

The crossbridge cycle is the mechanism that underlies the …

A

Sliding filament theory

37
Q

What is needed for the cross bridge cycle?

A
  • ATP

- calcium

38
Q

What causes rigor mortis?

A

When an animal dies, calcium leaks out in there is no ATP to release the cross bridge

39
Q

Explain the steps of the Crossbridge cycle

A
  1. Myosin head attaches to the actin myofilaments, forming a cross bridge. (Myosin head is in a high energy/affinity configuration)
  2. Inorganic phosphate generated in the previous contraction cycle is released, initiating the power stroke. The myosin head pivots and bends as it pulls on the actin filament, sliding it towards the M line. Then ADP is released. 
  3. As new ATP attaches to the myosin head, the link between myosin and actin weekens, and the cross bridge detaches (myosin head is in low affinity/energy configuration)
  4. As ATP is split from ADP and P, the myosin head is energized (cocked into the high energy/affinity confirmation
    * look at the Cross bridge cycle picture

Animal Physiology 4460 (14 decks)

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