Section 2-02

Question 1

What do we use the codes ZZZZ and NK to denote?

Answer 1

ZZZZ for when are aircraft does not have ICAO Identifier
NK for when an aircraft is unknown

Question 2

Waht are potential aircraft activities that could be specified in an FDE

Answer 2

Touch and go
Stop and go
Low approach
Simulated approach without landing
Pullup, while on final approach
Missed approach

Question 3

If necessary for separation you may assign or suggest an altitude to VFR aircraft to apply separation from:

Answer 3

A specific airspace
A specific IFR or VFR traffic flow
Other Aircraft

Question 4

What are the appropriate flight altitudes for east bound and westbound vfr and ifr traffic?

Answer 4

East, odd levels with IFR on the thousands and VFR on the five hundreds
West, even levels with IFR on the thousands and VFR on the five hudnreds

Question 5

How do we communicate waypoints with pilots?

Answer 5

In communications with pilots, identify a VFR waypoint by its full name, not by its identifier.

Question 6

What is the FDE movement in EXCDS for a march departure?

Answer 6

Planned to cleared, to taxied to ready (at the hold position)

Question 7

What are the default squawk codes for IFR and VFR aircraft?

Answer 7

VFR: below 12500’ is 1200, above 12500’ is 1400
IFR: low level is 1000, high level is 2000

Emergency squawk codes: 7500, 7600, 7700 (Hijack, I can’t hear you, emergency)

Question 8

When would we allow an aircraft without a transponder to operate in mandatory tranponder airspace?

Answer 8

If they were going to get it fixed.

We can only authorize this is airpscae we control. Must contact appropriate units for additional clearances.

Question 9

What are the 2 conditions for an intersection departure?

Answer 9

A pilot requests it
You inform the pilot of the runway length remaining and suggest an intersection departure and the pilot accepts it.

Question 10

What is an oblique taxiway?

Answer 10

Any taxiway that does not join the runway at a 90 degree angle

Question 11

What is the standard departure clearance order of information?

Answer 11

1) Aircraft ID
2) Unit ID
3) Active Runway information
4) Wind information
5) Altimeter Information
6) movement instructions
7) Supplementary information (for our purposes this will always be squawk codes)
8) Communication instructions (When to change frequencies ground-tower)

If there is an active ATIS we do not have to repeat parts of this that will be in the ATIS, with the exception of the active runway information.

Question 12

What must we say to pilots when askign them if they can complete an intersection departure?

Answer 12

“Runway length remaning from intersection (Taxiways) is (Number) feet. Are you able to depart from the intersection?

Question 13

What are the exceptions for using oblique takeoff angles?

Answer 13

Unless there are no other routes to access the runway without having to taxi or backtrack onto the active runway

Unless there is no practical alternative (Closed taxiway, MEDEVAC, disabled vehicle…)

Question 14

Define backtrack

Answer 14

The taxiing of an aircraft on a runway in use in the direction opposite to the landing or takeoff direction

Question 15

What is the difference between hold short and holding short?

Answer 15

Hold short is an instruction that must be read back and holding short is a location and does not have to be read back.

Question 16

What frequency shold take off clearances be issued on?

Answer 16

Take off clearances should be issued on the tower frequency even if the controller is working combined positions

Question 17

Can multiple controllers have control of the same aircraft at one time?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Define visual scaning?

Answer 18

Before a departing aircraft begins its takeoff roll or a landing aircraft crosses the runway threshold, ensure that the runway and the RPA are free, or will be free of all known obstacles including taxiing aircraft and ground traffic.

If the runway or a portion of the runway is not visible, ensure that known taxiing aircraft and ground traffic are not on the runway (Radio)

Question 19

What must we do if we are unable to unsure the runway or RPA is or will be free of obstacles before a dpearture starts its takeoff roll, what must we do?

Answer 19

Inform the pilot that a clearance cannot be issues
Provide the reason
Request the pilots intentions

IF the pilot chooses to take off and traffic permits:
acknowledge the pilots intentions and provide traffic information
notify the airport operator
complete the aviation occurence report

Question 20

For successive departures from the same runway, you may authorize the second aircraft to take off provided that one of the following applies before the second aircraft begins its takeoff roll:

Answer 20

1) the first aircraft has departed and turned to clear the departure path
2) the first aircraft has departed and reached a point on the departure path where it will not conflict with the second aircraft

Question 21

When must we use the word threshold for aircraft departing from the end of the runway?

Answer 21

When there are other aircraft lining up to depart from other intersections on the same active runway

Question 22

You may line up more than one aircraft for takeoff on the same runway, intersecting runways, or non-intersecting runways whose flight paths cross provided:

Answer 22

all aircraft are visible to the controller

you specify the name of the runway intersection, taxiway or threshold as appropriate

You issue a departure sequence to all subsequent aircraft

You provide traffic information to all subsequent aircraft (Who they are following in the sequence)

Question 23

Define immediate takeoff

Answer 23

PHrase used by ATC to indicate the pilot is expected to taxi on the runway and takeoff in one continuous movement

Question 24

What is the difference between cancelling a takeoff clearance and aborting a takeoff?

Answer 24

When aborting a takeoff the pilot would have already started their takeoff roll. In a cancellation it would be issued before the plane begins moving.

Question 25

What is the takeoff clearance format?

Answer 25

1) Aircraft ID
2) Unit ID
3) Special information ( Birds or obstacles)
4) Control instructions (Turns or heading)
5) Wind information (only necessary if the wind is 15 knots or greater)
6) Intersections or threshold (taxiway, runway, or threshold if necessary)
7) Clear for take off Runway ID

Question 26

ATS surveillance allows us to remotely monitor aircraft, what things shold we be displaying and monitoring?

Answer 26

Uncorrelated targets
CJSs
Altitude readouts (from mode c transponder)
Current weather data and history, as necessary, for the provision of severe weather information
Appropriate geographic map
Coast list in a full format showing all pertinent information (to enable prompt detection of any newly decorrelated aircraft)

Question 27

What are parameters for selecting altitude filters for you surveillance display?

Answer 27

the altitudes normally within the jurisdiction of your sector
The first usable altitudes in an vertically adjoining airpsace under the jurisdiction of another controller plus 200 feet beyond that airspace

Question 28

At what altimeter settings would we not use altitude readouts?

Answer 28

Below 26.0 and above 33.0

Question 29

We do not use invalidated altitudes to determine an aircraft altitude, but we can use them for what?

Answer 29

Observing whether aircraft is in level flight, climbing or descending
Observe rates of climb or descent
Provide traffic information

Question 30

Define ATS surveillance advisory

Answer 30

Advice and information based on ATS surveillance observations

Question 31

Navigation assistance

Answer 31

Unless specifically prohibited, use ATS surveillance to provide navigation assistance is a pilot requests it.
For VFR aircraft outside of the control zone or TRA request assistance yo may identify the aircraft and provide position information relative to the airport or the other location

Question 32

For observed deviations, what do we inform the pilot if we observe?

Answer 32

IT appears the aircraft will deviate or has deviated from its assigned route or holding area

The altitude readout indicates the aircraft has deviated by 300 feet or more from assigned altitude

The altitude readout indicates it has deviated by 200 feet from assigned altitued and the VMI indicates the aircraft is continuing its climb or descent away from assigned altitude.

Question 33

Define ATS Surveillance separation?

Answer 33

Spacing of aircraft in accordance with established minima based on information derived from ATS surveillance.

Question 34

ATS Surveillance control service?

Answer 34

Controlling aircraft by establishing required separation betweeen aircraft and obstacles based on information derived from surveillance equipment sources

Question 35

What conditions need to be met to provide ATS surveillance control procedures?

Answer 35

Aircraft is identified

Aircraft is in the TRA

You are satisfied that the displayed ATS surveillance information is accurate

Question 36

What must we do fro a vfr aircraft before we provide ATS surveillance service?

Answer 36

Identify the aircraft

Question 37

For altitude verification we compare readout value with the altitude reported by the pilot at either of the folowing times:

Answer 37

On initial contact

As soon as feasible if not on initial contact

Question 38

What are the parameter for altitude verfication?

Answer 38

Pilots stated altitude must be within plus or minus 200 feet from what is displayed on our monitor.

Question 39

What must we do if we are terminating Surveillance service for an aircraft leaving the control zone?

Answer 39

Inform the pilot

“Surveillance service terminated, change to en route frequency”

Question 40

When can we assign a non discrete squawk?

Answer 40

A vfr aircraft for which surveillance service is being terminated

An aircraft that has cancelled or closed its IFR flight plan and is not requesting further ATS surveillance service

Question 41

If pilots are leaving our airsocae to go into controlled airspace, what do we do?

Answer 41

Tell them to contact the appropriate controller now.

“Contact midtown CEnter 1274 now”

Question 42

True or false: when a vfr flight is leaving the control zone, the controller assigns them a frequency for the enroute portion of their flight?

Answer 42

False, the pilot can choose what frequency they wish to monitor in uncontrolled airspace.

Question 43

What are the 9 methods of identifying an aircraft?

Answer 43

1) Identification is transferred by a handoff

2)The appropriate change in the PPS is observed after the aircraft is asked to operate the transponder ident feature. (Squawk ident)

3) The aircraft is observed on situational display in a position that is: Within one mile of the departure ened of the takeoff runway, consistent with the time of takeoff and the route of flifhgt or assigned heading of the aircraft.

4) The appropriate change in the PPS is observed when the pilot is instructed to change from one code to another

5) the position of the PPS is consistent with the position of the aircraft observed visually

6) the PPS disappears or changes to a PSR symbol after the pilot is instructed to change the tranponder to standby and the PPS changes back when the pilot is instructed to return the transponder to normal operation.

7) The aircraft is observed on the surveillance display to have carried out a specified identification turn of at least 30 degrees. where
only one aircraft has carried out the turn and the track is observed to be consistent with the heading or track of the aircraft bothe before and after the completion of the turn.