2-04, Mental models

Question 1

What is a mental model?

Answer 1

IT is your mental picture
IT is your planning, executing and monitoring

Question 2

What is the general rule for passing traffic?

Answer 2

When in doubt, pass traffic

Question 3

Define traffic information

Answer 3

Information issued by ATS to pilots regarding other known or observed traffic that may be in such proximity to their position or intended route to warrant attention.

Question 4

Provide traffic information to all concerned aircraft if any of the following apply:

Answer 4

A pilot requets it
A pilot acknowledges an avoidance instruction
You consider it necessary

Question 5

Waht airspace must traffic information be passed in?

Answer 5

C and D

Question 6

What sources might traffic information be based on?

Answer 6

Visual observations
Observations of indentified or unidentified targets
Reports from other ATS facilities or pilots

Question 7

When issuing traffic information to aircraft as appropriate include:

Answer 7

POsition (oclock for indentified, position related to a fix for unidentified, include distance)
Direction
Type of aircraft or relative speed
Altitude of aircraft
Reporting point and time
Other info

Question 8

True or false: IF you are using surveillance to pass traffic the aircraft you arretalking to must be indentified?

Answer 8

True, but the target you are pointing out may or may not be indentified

Question 9

Define conflict resolution

Answer 9

The resolution of potential conlifcts between IFR/VFR and VFR/VFR aircraft that are indentified and in communication with ATC.

Question 10

In ATS surveillance environment, provide conflict resolution as follows

Answer 10

Between IFR and VFR and between VFR and VRF on pilot requests

In this airspace: Class C Class D (as far as practicable) IF workload permits also class E

Question 11

When one more aircraft being separated is VFR do one of the following:

Answer 11

You may assign a specific altitude to separate VFR aircraft from a specific traffic flow or another aircraft

Take whatever action to consider necessary to separate VFR aircraft from ATS surveillance controlled aircraft at the same altitude and in the same general area.

Question 12

When providing conflict resolution, apply one of the following forms of separation:

Answer 12

Visual separation
A minimum of 500 feet vertical separation or more if required for wake turbulence
Target resolution as detailed in ATS surveillance separation (dots don’t touch on the radar)
Another minimum as describe in ATS surveillance separation

Question 13

Define ATS surveillance separation

Answer 13

If both aircraft are identified and you are in direct communication using VHF/UHF voice with at least one of the aircraft, do not permit the PPSs to touch

Question 14

What are 4 sources of information useful in conflict resolution?

Answer 14

Pilot reports, FDE, NARDS, Controller information

Question 15

3 things for successful plans and communicating with pilots for conflict resolution

Answer 15

Use Standard phraseology
Issue clearance or instructions in a timely manner
Issue a clearaane that the pilot can comply with

Question 16

List factors limiting a controllers ability to solve a conflict

Answer 16

Controller/Pilot skill
terrain
weather
ATS surveillance ability
Manoeuvring area
Airspace configuration
Company operating considerations
Environmental considerations

Question 17

Waht are the three phases of situational awareness?

Answer 17

Perception, Comprehension, Projection

Question 18

What are the 4 reasons a helicopter may request a low altitude?

Answer 18

Training, Traffic PAtrols, Police activities, Power line patrols

Question 19

According to CARS 602.96 no pilot in command shall operate at an altitude below 2000’ over an aerodrome except for landing and takeoff with these exceptions:

Answer 19

POlice Authority
Saving a human life
Firefighting or air ambulance acitivity
Flight inspection
Highway or city traffic patrol
Aerial application or aerial inspection
Helicopter external load applications

Question 20

Define Autorotation

Answer 20

The condition of flight during which the main rotor is driven only by aerodynamic forces with no power from the engine.

Question 21

What are the 4 stages of autorotation

Answer 21

They lose power, they dive to keep air flowing through the rotor, landing flare to slow down, touchdown

Question 22

If a pilot request to takeoff from a surface other than the runway or designated and approved area:

Answer 22

If necessary provide traffic and obstruction information and control instructions
Inform the pilot that takeoff or landing will be at the pilots discretion

Question 23

Air Taxi

Answer 23

The movement of a helicopter or vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (VTOL) above the surface of an aerodrom but not above 100’ AGL. The aircraft may procede at airspeeds of more than 20 knots

Question 24

Hover taxi

Answer 24

The movement of a helicopter or VTOL above the surface of an aerodrome and in ground effect at airspeeds less than 20 knots

Question 25

We preferentially clear helicopters to air taxi unless either of the following apply

Answer 25

The pilot has requested to hover taxi or taxi on the surface
the unit manager has directed that helicopters are to taxi only via the hover mode in specified situations

Question 26

Do not clear helicopters to air or hover taxi if it will results in flight over persons vehicles or aircraft, why?

Answer 26

Strong rotor downwash could be dangerous

Question 27

What is the difference between 60 and 66 in FDE entries?

Answer 27

60 signifies an areea other than the published runway within the airport boundary (apron, helipad, infield)
66 signifies an area within the control zone or TRA but outside the airport boundary (MArch hospital, south march)

Question 28

What are the rules for a frequency change request for a single piloted helicopter?

Answer 28

While a single piloted helicopter is air taxiing, hovering, or flying at a low altitude, do not request a frequency change

Question 29

What are the rules for a helicopter land while aircraft are taxiing?

Answer 29

A helicopter may be permitted to land on the threshold of a runway while an aircraft is taxxing on the opposite end of the runway, provided traffic is exchanged and appropriate restriction are applied.

Question 30

What is a good habit for helicopter altitude restrictions in the sim so they dont conflict with our circuit?

Answer 30

WE tell helicopters not above1300’

Question 31

List four methods you can use to recover situational awareness when it has been lost?

Answer 31

Keep it simple, revert to the simplest possible solution
Follow rules and procedures
Manage stress and distractions
Manage fatigue
Take time to think, oftern taking a second to think will save time in the overall picture
Try to see the big picture and avoid tunnel vision

Question 32

List 4 behaviours\events that can lead to a loss of situational awareness?

Answer 32

Tunnel vision
High workload
Complex/detailed problems
Distrations interruptions
Passive complacent behaviour
Unaware of the impact of significant changes

Question 33

Name 5 skills that will help you develop and maintain situational awareness

Answer 33

Keep scanning, avoid fixating
PLan ahead
Anticipate pilot requests (what ifs)
Shift tasks away from busy time
Know your personal limits
Be attentive to the working environment around you