Abbreviations Flashcards
ICAO
International Civil aviation opertations (agency of the UN)
CARs (Canadian Aviation Regulations) Name 3 sectors
Included (rarely changing). Referenced (Updated as procedures change). External (Special documents, complement regulations)
FIR ( Flight information regions, name all 7)
Vancouver, edmonton, winnipeg, toronto, montreal, moncton, gander
CDA (canadian domestic airspace, break down regions)
Northern(NDA): Artic Control area (ACA) NDA above 27000’. Northern control area. (NCA) NDA above 23000’.
Southern Domestic Area (SDA) Southern control Area above 18000’
Low level below 18000’
Atmospheric composition
78 percent N
21 percent 02
1 percent carbon dioxide, water, other gasses.
3 Characteristics of our atmosphere
Mobility
Compression
Expansion
Define characteristics of a standard atmosphere for aviation
Pressure: 1013,25 hPA
Temp: 15 celsius
Air is unsaturated
Lapse rate:1.98 celsius/1000’
Attack angles for maximum lift/stall
Lift increases as attack angle approaches 15 degrees then lessens and when attack angle is 20 degrees or greater lift stalls because forces necessary to bend the air area greater than air viscosity and it seperates from the wing.
3 axes of aircraft rotation
lateral: Pitch, nose moves up or down, elevators
Longitudinal: Roll, wing tips go up or down, ailerons
Vertical: Yaw, mose moves left or right, rudder
Describe the different Ice types and their characteristics
Clear and glassy, ) to -10 degress.
Rime opaque and granular -15 to -20 degrees
Hoarfrost, thin crystalline ice
Mixed: combines clear and rime ice.
Ice accumulation can be trace, light, moderate or severe. (1/4”/ hour, 1/4” to 1”/hour, 1” to 3”/ hour, and Greater than 3”/ hour respectively)
Jet stream characteristics
Fast flowing stream of air near the tropopause.
60 knots to 250 knots
Few thousand feet thick, many miles wide. Associated with fronts
Cloud height definitions
Low: up to 6500’
Mid: 6500-19000’
High: above 20000’
NAvigation theory definition
Navigation is safe, law abiding and on course
Define variation and Deviation (hint: directionality)
Variation: Difference between true north and magnetic north
Deviation: difference between magnetic north and compass north
Breakdown degrees of latitude
60 nautical miles in one degree, 60 minutes in a degree, 60 seconds in a minute
Longitude measured in degrees eaast or west of prime meridian (0-180)
NAme the time zones in canada/ difference from UTC
Newfoundland standard/ 3.5
Atlantic/4
Eastern/5
Central/6
Mountain/7
Pacific/8
1 hor difference for daylight savings time
Define bearing, heading, track and drift
Bearing is direction from a point measure from 0-360 degrees. Heading is the direction the nose of the aircraft is pointing, track is how the airplane is moving relative to the ground and drift is the difference between heading and track.
Radio frequency uses and bands for civilian aviation?
Lf/MF: commercial broadcasting
HF: long range communications
VHF: ATC for air to ground (VOR frequencies)
UHF: Military for air to ground (TACAN Frequencies)
VHF: 118 to 136 mHz in 0.025 mHz intervals for 720 discreet channels
NDB
Non direction beacon, denote a specific locations and identify themselves in morse code
VOR
Very high frequency omnidirectional range
Broadcast 360 signals for every degree around them
DME
Distance measuring equipment
Ground bases station that measure distacne to plane, ground speed and time to arrival
TACAN
Military VOR us UFH frequencies
ILS
Instrument landing system. Composed of Localizer for lateral guidance to runway, Glide path transmitter for guidance to appropriate approach angle and Final approach fix (FAF) denoting start of landing area.
GNSS
Global navigation satellite system.
Guides SIDs (Standard instrument dpeartures) and STARs (Standard terminal arrivals)
GNSS is a boon to takeoff and landing efficiency.